Showing 1-20 of 490 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Gastrointestinal 
- 18F PET with florbetaben for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Nov-2017
18F-florbetaben uptake by brain tissue, measured by positron emission tomography (PET), is accepted by regulatory agencies like the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicine Agencies (EMA) for assessing amyloid load in people with deme
- Abdominal lift for laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Aug-2013
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (key-hole removal of the gallbladder) is now the most often used method for treatment of symptomatic gallstones. Several cardiopulmonary changes (decreased cardiac output, pulmonary compliance, and increased peak airway pressu
- Absorbent products for light urinary incontinence in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2007
Incontinence is a common and embarrassing problem which has a profound effect on social and psychological well-being. Many people wear absorbent products to contain urine leakage and protect their clothes. It can be difficult to define light urinary incon
- Acid reflux treatment for hoarseness
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Apr-2015
Acid reflux is a common problem, and is thought to occur in 4% to 10% of patients presenting to ENT clinics. A recent study of reflux and voice disorders suggests that up to 55% of patients with hoarseness (dysphonia) have laryngopharyngeal reflux. Anti-r
- Acupuncture for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Apr-2012
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common, costly, and difficult to treat disorder that impairs health-related quality of life and work productivity. Evidence-based treatment guidelines have been unable to provide guidance on the effects of acupuncture f
- Additional bedtime H2‐receptor antagonist for the control of nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2009
Nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough (NAB) is defined as intragastric pH<4 for more than one continuous hour overnight. Adding H2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs) at bedtime to high-dose proton pump inhibitors is likely to enhance nocturnal gastric pH control
- Adhesives for fixed orthodontic bands
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Oct-2016
Orthodontic treatment involves using fixed or removable appliances (dental braces) to correct the positions of teeth. It has been shown that the quality of treatment result obtained with fixed appliances is much better than with removable appliances. Fixe
- Adhesives for fixed orthodontic brackets
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Apr-2018
Bonding of orthodontic brackets to teeth is important to enable effective and efficient treatment with fixed appliances. The problem is bracket failure during treatment which increases operator chairside time and lengthens treatment time. A prolonged trea
- Advice on low-fat diets for obesity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2008
Overweight and obesity are global health problems contributing to an ever increasing noncommunicable disease burden. Calorie restriction can achieve short-term weight loss but the weight loss has not been shown to be sustainable in the long-term. An alter
- Alpha‐foetoprotein and/or liver ultrasonography for screening of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is a risk factor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Alpha-foetoprotein and liver ultrasonography are used to screen patients with chronic hepatitis B for hepatocellular carcinoma. It is uncertain whether scree
- Aminosalicylates for induction of remission or response in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Jul-2016
Randomized trials investigating the efficacy of aminosalicylates for the treatment of mildly to moderately active Crohn's disease have yielded conflicting results. A systematic review was conducted to critically examine current available data on the effic
- Anabolic‐androgenic steroids for alcoholic liver disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2006
Alcohol is one of the most common causes of liver disease in the Western World. Randomised clinical trials have examined the effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids for alcoholic liver disease.
- Analgesia in patients with acute abdominal pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jan-2011
For decades, the indication of analgesia in patients with Acute Abdominal Pain (AAP) has been deferred until the definitive diagnosis has been made, for fear of masking symptoms, generating a change in the physical exploration or obstructing the diagnosis
- Antacids for preventing oesophagogastric variceal bleeding and rebleeding in cirrhotic patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2008
Ruptured gastroesophageal varices are the most severe and frequent cause of gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhotic patients, leading to death in 5% to 8% of patients during the first 48 hours and oesophagogastric varices account for 60% to 80% of first bl
- Antiamoebic drugs for treating amoebic colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jan-2019
Infection with the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica is common in low- and middle-income countries, and up to 100,000 people with severe disease die every year. Adequate therapy for amoebic colitis is necessary to reduce illness, prevent development of comp
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Sep-2010
Bacterial infections are a frequent complication in patients with cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Antibiotic prophylaxis seems to decrease the incidence of bacterial infections. Oral antibiotics, active against enteric bacteria, have been c
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing elective endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Sep-2010
The use of prophylactic antibiotics before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is recommended by all major international gastroenterological societies, especially in the presence of an obstructed biliary system. Their use is intended to
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2010
Cholecystectomy is a common surgical procedure. In the open cholecystectomy area, antibiotic prophylaxis showed beneficial effects, but it is not known if its benefits and harms are similar in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Some clinical trials suggest tha
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing bacterial endocarditis following dental procedures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-May-2022
Infective endocarditis is a severe infection arising in the lining of the chambers of the heart. It can be caused by fungi, but most often is caused by bacteria. Many dental procedures cause bacteraemia, which could lead to bacterial endocarditis in a sma
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernia repair
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Apr-2020
Inguinal or femoral hernia is a tissue protrusion in the groin region and has a cumulative incidence of 27% in adult men and of 3% in adult women. As most hernias become symptomatic over time, groin hernia repair is one of the most frequently performed su
