Showing 1-20 of 197 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Hematologic 
- Abstinence‐only programs for HIV infection prevention in high‐income countries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2007
Abstinence-only interventions promote sexual abstinence as the only means of preventing sexual acquisition of HIV; they do not promote safer-sex strategies (e.g., condom use). Although abstinence-only programs are widespread, there has been no internation
- Abstinence‐plus programs for HIV infection prevention in high‐income countries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2008
Abstinence-plus interventions promote sexual abstinence as the best means of preventing acquisition of HIV, but also encourage safer-sex strategies (eg condom use) for sexually active participants.
- Acupuncture for lateral elbow pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2002
This review is one in a series of reviews of interventions for lateral elbow pain. Lateral elbow pain, or tennis elbow, is a common condition causing pain in the elbow and forearm and lack of strength and function of the elbow and wrist. Acupuncture has l
- Adjunctive corticosteroids for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Apr-2015
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) remains the most common opportunistic infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Among patients with HIV infection and PCP the mortality rate is 10% to 20% during the initial infectio
- Alemtuzumab for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) accounts for 25% of all leukaemias and is the most common lymphoid malignancy in Western countries. Standard treatment includes mono- or poly-chemotherapies. Nowadays, monoclonal antibodies are added, especially alemtu
- Alginate dressings for healing diabetic foot ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jun-2013
Foot ulcers in people with diabetes mellitus are a common and serious global health issue. Dressings form a key part of ulcer treatment, with clinicians and patients having many different types to choose from including alginate dressings. A clear and curr
- Amphotericin B lipid soluble formulations versus amphotericin B in cancer patients with neutropenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Sep-2014
Patients with cancer who are treated with chemotherapy or receive a bone marrow transplant have an increased risk of acquiring fungal infections. Such infections can be life-threatening. Antifungal drugs are therefore often given prophylactically to such
- Anabolic steroids for the treatment of weight loss in HIV‐infected individuals
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2005
Individuals with HIV infection often lose weight during the course of their disease. Furthermore, low serum concentrations of testosterone are common in individuals with HIV infection, particularly those with weight loss. Treatment of weight loss with ana
- Antenatal interventions for fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2011
Fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia results from the formation of antibodies by the mother which are directed against a fetal platelet alloantigen inherited from the father. The resulting fetal thrombocytopenia (reduced platelet numbers) may cause bl
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial infections in afebrile neutropenic patients following chemotherapy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2012
Bacterial infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who are neutropenic following chemotherapy for malignancy. Trials have shown the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing the incidence of bacterial infections but not in
- Antibiotics for treating acute chest syndrome in people with sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Sep-2019
The clinical presentation of acute chest syndrome is similar whether due to infectious or non-infectious causes, thus antibiotics are usually prescribed to treat all episodes. Many different pathogens, including bacteria, have been implicated as causative
- Antibiotics for treating community‐acquired pneumonia in people with sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Nov-2016
As a consequence of their condition, people with sickle cell disease are at high risk of developing an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma called community-acquired pneumonia. Many different bacteria can cause this infection and antibiotic treatme
- Anti‐D administration in pregnancy for preventing Rhesus alloimmunisation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Sep-2015
During pregnancy, a Rhesus negative (Rh-negative) woman may develop antibodies when her fetus is Rhesus positive (Rh-positive). These antibodies may harm Rh-positive babies.
- Antifibrinolytic amino acids for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people with acute or chronic liver disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jun-2015
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in the course of liver cirrhosis. People with liver disease frequently have haemostatic abnormalities such as hyperfibrinolysis. Therefore, antifibrinolytic amin
- Antihelminthics in helminth‐endemic areas: effects on HIV disease progression
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Apr-2016
Helminth infections, such as soil-transmitted helminths, schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis, and lymphatic filariasis, are prevalent in many countries where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is also common. There is some evidence from observationa
- Anti‐inflammatory treatment for carditis in acute rheumatic fever
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-May-2015
Rheumatic heart disease remains an important cause of acquired heart disease in developing countries. Although prevention of rheumatic fever and management of recurrences have been well established, optimal management of active rheumatic carditis remains
- Antiplatelet drugs for polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Apr-2013
Polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythaemia are chronic Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms that increase the risk of arterial and venous thrombosis, as well as bleeding. In addition to the different therapeutic strategies available,
- Anti-pseudomonal beta-lactams for the initial, empirical, treatment of febrile neutropenia: comparison of beta-lactams
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2015
Several beta-lactams are recommended as single agents for the treatment of febrile neutropenia.
- Antiretroviral post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for occupational HIV exposure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2007
Populations such as healthcare workers (HCWs), injection drug users (IDUs), and people engaging in unprotected sex are all at risk of being infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Animal models show that after initial exposure, HIV replicate
- Antiretroviral regimens for patients with HIV who fail first-line antiretroviral therapy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jan-2011
Highly active antiretroviral therapy has reduced the morbidity and mortality of patients with HIV/AIDS. A common first-line ART regimen in low-resource settings includes a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and two nucleoside reverse t
