Showing 181-200 of 639 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Cardiovascular 
- Dual chamber versus single chamber ventricular pacemakers for sick sinus syndrome and atrioventricular block
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2004
Dual chamber pacing or single chamber atrial pacing ('physiologic' pacing) is believed to have an advantage over single chamber ventricular pacing in that it resembles cardiac physiology more closely by maintaining atrioventricular (AV) synchrony and domi
- Duration of treatment with vitamin K antagonists in symptomatic venous thromboembolism
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Aug-2014
Currently, the most frequently used secondary treatment for patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) consists of vitamin K antagonists (VKA) targeted at an international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.5 (range 2.0 to 3.0). However, based on the continuing
- Early supported discharge services for people with acute stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jul-2017
People with stroke conventionally receive a substantial part of their rehabilitation in hospital. Services have now been developed that offer people in hospital an early discharge with rehabilitation at home (early supported discharge: ESD).
- Early surfactant administration with brief ventilation vs. selective surfactant and continued mechanical ventilation for preterm infants with or at risk for respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2007
Both prophylactic and early surfactant replacement therapy reduce mortality and pulmonary complications in ventilated infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) compared with later selective surfactant administration. However, continued post-surfact
- Edaravone for acute ischaemic stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Oct-2011
Neuroprotection is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. Edaravone is a neuroprotective agent that has been widely used in China, and several studies have suggested that it may be beneficial in acute ischaemic strok
- Education programmes for people with diabetic kidney disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2011
Adherence to complex regimens for patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is often poor. Interventions to enhance adherence require intensive education and behavioural counselling. However, whether the existing evidence is scientifically rigorous and
- Effect of antihypertensive drugs on mortality, morbidity and blood pressure in blacks
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Nov-2008
Black people have a greater prevalence of elevated blood pressure leading to excess morbidity and mortality.
- Effect of cocoa on blood pressure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Apr-2017
High blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, contributing to about 50% of cardiovascular events worldwide and 37% of cardiovascular-related deaths in Western populations. Epidemiological studies suggest that cocoa-rich produ
- Effect of cyclosporine on blood pressure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent used for different autoimmune diseases. The official Canadian indications for cyclosporine are solid organ transplantation, bone marrow transplantation, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and nephritic syndrome (e-C
- Effect of early treatment with anti‐hypertensive drugs on short and long‐term mortality in patients with an acute cardiovascular event
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2009
Acute cardiovascular events represent a therapeutic challenge. Blood pressure lowering drugs are commonly used and recommended in the early phase of these settings. This review analyses randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence for this approach.
- Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Mar-2013
A reduction in salt intake lowers blood pressure (BP) and, thereby, reduces cardiovascular risk. A recent meta-analysis by Graudal implied that salt reduction had adverse effects on hormones and lipids which might mitigate any benefit that occurs with BP
- Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2020
Recent cohort studies show that salt intake below 6 g is associated with increased mortality. These findings have not changed public recommendations to lower salt intake below 6 g, which are based on assumed blood pressure (BP) effects and no side-effects
- Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, an omega‐3 fatty acid from fish oils) for the treatment of cancer cachexia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2007
Cancer cachexia is a distressing weight loss syndrome commonly seen in advanced cancer patients. It is associated with reduced quality of life and shorter survival time. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid found naturall
- Electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation and flutter
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Nov-2017
Atrial fibrillation increases stroke risk and adversely affects cardiovascular haemodynamics. Electrical cardioversion may, by restoring sinus rhythm, improve cardiovascular haemodynamics, reduce the risk of stroke, and obviate the need for long-term anti
- Electrical stimulation for preventing and treating post‐stroke shoulder pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2000
Shoulder pain after stroke is common and disabling. The optimal management is uncertain, but electrical stimulation (ES) is often used to treat and prevent pain.
- Electromagnetic therapy for treating pressure ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Sep-2015
Pressure ulcers are defined as areas "of localized damage to the skin and underlying tissue caused by pressure, shear, friction and/or the combination of these". Electromagnetic therapy (EMT), in which electrodes produce an electromagnetic field across th
- Electromagnetic therapy for treating venous leg ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Jul-2015
Leg ulceration is a common, chronic, recurring condition. The estimated prevalence of leg ulcers in the UK population is 1.5 to 3 per 1000. Venous ulcers (also called stasis or varicose ulcers) comprise 80% to 85% of all leg ulcers. Electromagnetic therap
- Electromechanical‐assisted training for walking after stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Oct-2020
Electromechanical- and robot-assisted gait-training devices are used in rehabilitation and might help to improve walking after stroke. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2007 and previously updated in 2017.
- Electrostimulation for promoting recovery of movement or functional ability after stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2006
Electrostimulation might improve motor recovery after stroke by providing neuromuscular re-training.
- Embolisation for pulmonary arteriovenous malformation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jan-2018
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are abnormal direct connections between the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein which result in a right-to-left shunt. They are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality mainly from the effects of paradoxica
