Showing 181-200 of 305 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Endocrine and nutrition 
- Nutrient-enriched formula versus standard term formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Feb-2012
Preterm infants are often growth-restricted at hospital discharge. Feeding infants after hospital discharge with nutrient-enriched formula rather than standard term formula might facilitate "catch-up" growth and improve development.
- Nutrition support for bone marrow transplant patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2014
This is an update of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 2, 2002. Bone marrow transplantation involves administration of toxic chemotherapy and infusion of marrow cells. After treatment, patients can develop poor appetite, mucositis and gastro
- Nutritional interventions for preventing and treating pressure ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jun-2014
Pressure ulcers affect approximately 10% of people in hospitals and older people are at highest risk. A correlation between inadequate nutritional intake and the development of pressure ulcers has been suggested by several studies, but the results have be
- Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2009
Older people with hip fractures are often malnourished at the time of fracture, and have poor food intake subsequently.
- Nutritional support for critically ill children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2009
Nutritional support in the critically ill child has not been well investigated and is a controversial topic within paediatric intensive care. There are no clear guidelines as to the best form or timing of nutrition in critically ill infants and children.
- Nutritional support for head-injured patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
Head injury increases the body's metabolic responses, and therefore nutritional demands. Provision of an adequate supply of nutrients is associated with improved outcome. The best route for administering nutrition (parenterally (TPN) or enterally (EN)), a
- Nutritional support in children and young people with cancer undergoing chemotherapy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Aug-2015
It is well documented that malnutrition is a common complication of paediatric malignancy and its treatment. Malnutrition can often be a consequence of cancer itself or a result of chemotherapy. Nutritional support aims to reverse malnutrition seen at dia
- Nystatin prophylaxis and treatment in severely immunodepressed patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Sep-2014
Nystatin is sometimes used prophylactically in patients with severe immunodeficiency or in the treatment of fungal infection in such patients, although its effect seems to be equivocal.
- Oestrogen and progestogen hormone replacement therapy for peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women: weight and body fat distribution
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Mar-2011
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is commonly prescribed to treat menopausal symptoms and to prevent post-menopausal bone loss. However, many women are concerned about hormonal replacement therapy because they believe that such treatment will result in we
- Olanzapine alone or in combination for acute mania
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic, is used in the treatment of mania both as monotherapy and combined with other medicines.
- Omega-3 fatty acids for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jan-2016
Studies suggest that a diet rich in omega-3 essential fatty acids may have beneficial anti-inflammatory effects for chronic conditions such as cystic fibrosis. This is an updated version of a previously published review.
- Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2008
People with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at increased risk from cardiovascular disease. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are known to reduce triglyceride levels, but their impact on cholesterol levels, glycemic control and vascular outc
- Once-daily versus multiple-daily dosing with intravenous aminoglycosides for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Feb-2014
People with cystic fibrosis, who are chronically colonised with the organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa, often require multiple courses of intravenous aminoglycoside antibiotics for the management of pulmonary exacerbations. The properties of aminoglycosides
- Opioids for neuropathic pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Aug-2015
This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 3, 2006, which included 23 trials. The use of opioids for neuropathic pain remains controversial. Studies have been small, have yielded equivocal results, and have not establish
- Oral anti-pseudomonal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2013
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common bacterial pathogen causing lung infections in people with CF and appropriate antibiotic therapy is vital. Antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations are usually given intravenously, and for long-term treatment, via
- Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2014
Poor nutrition occurs frequently in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and is associated with other adverse outcomes. Oral calorie supplements are used to increase total daily calorie intake and improve weight gain. However, they are expensive and there are
- Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy for lung disease in cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2013
Progressive lung damage causes most deaths in cystic fibrosis (CF). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may prevent progressive pulmonary deterioration and morbidity in CF.
- Oral protein calorie supplementation for children with chronic disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-May-2015
Poor growth and nutritional status are common in children with chronic diseases. Oral protein calorie supplements are used to improve nutritional status in these children. These expensive products may be associated with some adverse effects, e.g. the deve
- Oral rehydration salt solution for treating cholera: ≤ 270 mOsm/L solutions vs ≥ 310 mOsm/L solutions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2011
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is used to treat the dehydration caused by diarrhoeal diseases, including cholera. ORS formulations with an osmolarity (a measure of solute concentration) of = 270 mOsm/L (ORS = 270) are safe and more effective than ORS for
- Oral steroids for long‐term use in cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Dec-2015
In cystic fibrosis (CF) airway obstruction and recurrent respiratory infection lead to inflammation, long-term lung damage, respiratory failure and death. Anti-inflammatory agents, e.g. oral corticosteroids are used since inflammation occurs early in dise
