Showing 181-200 of 511 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Infectious disease 
- Drugs for preventing tuberculosis in people at risk of multiple-drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2009
The emergence and spread of multiple-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), caused by strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, is a potential threat to global tuberculosis control. Treatment is prolonged, expens
- Drugs for treating giardiasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Nov-2008
There can be a high rate of recurrence of disease after initial drug treatment for giardiasis. These drugs also have a range of adverse effects.
- Drugs for treating paracoccidioidomycosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jun-2011
Paracoccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection that occurs only in some particular places in Latin America. Treatment is long, the drugs have side effects, and patients can relapse. However, the disease is potentially fatal.
- Drugs for treating Schistosoma mansoni infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jan-2013
Schistosoma mansoni is a parasitic infection common in the tropics and sub-tropics. Chronic and advanced disease includes abdominal pain, diarrhoea, blood in the stool, liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and premature death.
- Drugs for treating uncomplicated malaria in pregnant women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2008
Women are more vulnerable to malaria during pregnancy, and malaria infection may have adverse consequences for the fetus. Identifying safe and effective treatments is important.
- Drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jul-2014
Urinary schistosomiasis is caused by an intravascular infection with parasitic Schistosoma haematobium worms. The adult worms typically migrate to the venous plexus of the human bladder and excrete eggs which the infected person passes in their urine. Chr
- Duration of antibacterial treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Sep-2008
Uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease, occurring frequently in young sexually active women. In the past, seven day antibiotic therapy was recommended while the current practice is to treat uncomplicated UTI for three days.
- Duration of treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2015
A previous Cochrane systematic review has shown that antibiotic drug treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women substantially decreases the risk of pyelonephritis and reduces the risk of preterm delivery. However, it is not clear whether sing
- Early versus late pre-intensive care unit admission broad spectrum antibiotics for severe sepsis in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Apr-2012
Severe sepsis and septic shock have recently emerged as particularly acute and lethal challenges amongst critically ill patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). There are no existing data on the current practices of management of patients wit
- Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Jul-2014
Echinacea plant preparations (family Asteraceae) are widely used in Europe and North America for common colds. Most consumers and physicians are not aware that products available under the term Echinacea differ appreciably in their composition, mainly du
- Efavirenz or nevirapine in three-drug combination therapy with two nucleoside-reverse transcriptase inhibitors for initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral-naïve individuals
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2011
The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced the morbidity and mortality due to HIV. The World Health Organisation (WHO) antiretroviral treatment (ART) guidelines focus on three classes of antiretroviral drugs, namely: nucleoside
- Effect of administration of antihelminthics for soil-transmitted helminths during pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jun-2015
Helminthiasis is infestation of the human body with parasitic worms and it is estimated to affect 44 million pregnancies, globally, each year. Intestinal helminthiasis (hook worm) is associated with blood loss and decreased supply of nutrients for erythro
- Effectiveness and safety of first-line tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz for patients with HIV
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2012
The current recommended antiretroviral treatment is a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Although HAART has been associated with improved clinical response to treatment, issues of adherence and viral resistance are major challenges limiting its
- Efficacy and safety of cesarean delivery for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2011
Cesarean section before labor and before ruptured membranes ("elective cesarean section", or ECS) has been introduced as an intervention for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1. The role of mode of delivery in the management of
- Electronic mosquito repellents for preventing mosquito bites and malaria infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Mar-2012
Using a pilot system we have categorised this review as: “Current question – no update intended: further research unlikely to change conclusions" (see published notes).
- Empiric antibiotic coverage of atypical pathogens for community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jul-2012
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is caused by various pathogens, traditionally divided into 'typical' and 'atypical'. Initial antibiotic treatment of CAP is usually empirical, customarily covering both typical and atypical pathogens. To date, no suffici
- Empirical antibiotics targeting Gram-positive bacteria for the treatment of febrile neutropenic patients with cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2015
The pattern of infections among neutropenic cancer patients has shifted in the last decades to a predominance of Gram-positive infections. Some of these Gram-positive bacteria are increasingly resistant to beta-lactams and necessitate specific antibiotic
- Enteral antibiotics for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in low birthweight or preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Oct-2008
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal problem of preterm neonates. There have been reports published suggesting that the use of enteral antibiotics may be effective as prophylaxis. This systematic review was undertaken to cla
- Environmental sanitary interventions for preventing active trachoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jan-2012
Trachoma is a major cause of avoidable blindness. It is responsible for about six million blind people worldwide, mostly in the poor communities of developing countries. One of the major strategies advocated for the control of the disease is the applicati
- Eradication therapy for peptic ulcer disease in Helicobacter pylori positive patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Dec-2010
Peptic ulcer disease is the cause for dyspepsia in about 10% of patients. 95% of duodenal and 70% of gastric ulcers are associated with Helicobacter pylori. Eradication of H. pylori reduces the relapse rate of ulcers but the magnitude of this effect is un
