Showing 181-200 of 508 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Infectious disease 
- Drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Aug-2014
Urinary schistosomiasis is caused by an intravascular infection with parasitic Schistosoma haematobium worms. The adult worms typically migrate to the venous plexus of the human bladder and excrete eggs which the infected person passes in their urine. Chr
- Duration of antibacterial treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Sep-2008
Uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease, occurring frequently in young sexually active women. In the past, seven day antibiotic therapy was recommended while the current practice is to treat uncomplicated UTI for three days.
- Duration of treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2015
A previous Cochrane systematic review has shown that antibiotic drug treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women substantially decreases the risk of pyelonephritis and reduces the risk of preterm delivery. However, it is not clear whether sing
- Early versus late pre‐intensive care unit admission broad spectrum antibiotics for severe sepsis in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Oct-2010
Severe sepsis and septic shock have recently emerged as particularly acute and lethal challenges amongst critically ill patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). There are no existing data on the current practices of management of patients wit
- Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Jul-2014
Echinacea plant preparations (family Asteraceae) are widely used in Europe and North America for common colds. Most consumers and physicians are not aware that products available under the term Echinacea differ appreciably in their composition, mainly du
- Efavirenz or nevirapine in three‐drug combination therapy with two nucleoside or nucleotide‐reverse transcriptase inhibitors for initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral‐naïve individuals
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Dec-2016
The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the morbidity and mortality due to HIV infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) ART guidelines focus on three classes of antiretroviral drugs, namely nucleoside or nucleotide rever
- Effect of mass deworming with antihelminthics for soil‐transmitted helminths during pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-May-2021
Helminthiasis is an infestation of the human body with parasitic worms. It is estimated to affect 44 million pregnancies, globally, each year. Intestinal helminthiasis (hookworm infestation) is associated with blood loss and decreased supply of nutrients
- Effectiveness and safety of first-line tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz for patients with HIV
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2012
The current recommended antiretroviral treatment is a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Although HAART has been associated with improved clinical response to treatment, issues of adherence and viral resistance are major challenges limiting its
- Efficacy and safety of cesarean delivery for prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV‐1
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2005
Cesarean section before labor and before ruptured membranes ("elective cesarean section", or ECS) has been introduced as an intervention for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1. The role of mode of delivery in the management of
- Electronic mosquito repellents for preventing mosquito bites and malaria infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2007
Using a pilot system we have categorised this review as: “Current question – no update intended: further research unlikely to change conclusions" (see published notes).
- Empiric antibiotic coverage of atypical pathogens for community‐acquired pneumonia in hospitalized adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is caused by various pathogens, traditionally divided into 'typical' and 'atypical'. Initial antibiotic treatment of CAP is usually empirical, customarily covering both typical and atypical pathogens. To date, no suffici
- Empirical antibiotics targeting gram‐positive bacteria for the treatment of febrile neutropenic patients with cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Jun-2017
The pattern of infections among neutropenic patients with cancer has shifted in the last decades to a predominance of gram-positive infections. Some of these gram-positive bacteria are increasingly resistant to beta-lactams and necessitate specific antibi
- Enteral antibiotics for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in low birthweight or preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2001
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal problem of preterm neonates. There have been reports published suggesting that the use of enteral antibiotics may be effective as prophylaxis. This systematic review was undertaken to cla
- Environmental sanitary interventions for preventing active trachoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
Trachoma is a major cause of avoidable blindness. It is responsible for about six million blind people worldwide, mostly in the poor communities of developing countries. One of the major strategies advocated for the control of the disease is the applicati
- Eradication therapy for peptic ulcer disease in Helicobacter pylori‐positive people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2016
Peptic ulcer disease is the cause of dyspepsia in about 10% of people. Ninety-five percent of duodenal and 70% of gastric ulcers are associated with Helicobacter pylori. Eradication of H. pylori reduces the relapse rate of ulcers but the magnitude of this
- Erythromycin for the prevention of chronic lung disease in intubated preterm infants at risk for, or colonized or infected with Ureaplasma urealyticum
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Oct-2008
Controversy exists over whether or not Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization or infection of the respiratory tract contributes to the severity of chronic lung disease (CLD), a major cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants.
- Face washing promotion for preventing active trachoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Feb-2015
Trachoma remains a major cause of avoidable blindness among underprivileged populations in many developing countries. It is estimated that about 146 million people have active trachoma and nearly six million people are blind due to complications associate
- Family support for reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV/AIDS
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jul-2009
Care and support play a critical role in assisting people who are HIV-positive to understand the need for prevention and to enable them to protect others. As the HIV/AIDS pandemic progresses and HIV-seropositive individuals contend with devastating illnes
- Fluid therapy for acute bacterial meningitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2016
Acute bacterial meningitis remains a disease with high mortality and morbidity rates. However, with prompt and adequate antimicrobial and supportive treatment, the chances for survival have improved, especially among infants and children. Careful manageme
- Flumazenil versus placebo or no intervention for people with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Aug-2017
Hepatic encephalopathy is a common complication of cirrhosis which results in poor brain functioning. The spectrum of changes associated with hepatic encephalopathy ranges from the clinically 'indiscernible' or minimal hepatic encephalopathy to the clinic
