Showing 181-200 of 419 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Perinatal and infant 
- Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Feb-2013
A variety of body positions other than the standard supine position have been used in patients undergoing intensive care with hopes of reducing the incidence of pressure ulcers of the skin, contractures or ankylosis and improving the patients' well being.
- Influenza vaccination for healthcare workers who care for people aged 60 or older living in long-term care institutions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2013
Healthcare workers' influenza rates are unknown but may be similar to those of the general public. Healthcare workers may transmit influenza to patients.
- Influenza vaccine for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jun-2010
Influenza vaccinations are currently recommended in the care of people with COPD, but these recommendations are based largely on evidence from observational studies with very few randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reported. Influenza infection causes exc
- Inhaled nitric oxide for respiratory failure in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2010
Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is effective in term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure. The pathophysiology of respiratory failure and the potential risks of iNO differ substantially in preterm infants, necessitating study in this population.
- Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in ventilated very low birth weight preterm neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Apr-2012
Chronic lung disease (CLD) remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants and inflammation plays an important role in its pathogenesis. The use of inhaled corticosteroids may modulate the inflammatory process without concomitant
- Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of chronic lung disease in ventilated very low birth weight preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Apr-2012
Chronic lung disease (CLD) remains a serious and common problem among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants despite the use of antenatal steroids and postnatal surfactant therapy to decrease the incidence and severity of respiratory distress syndrome. Due
- Injectable vaccines for preventing pneumococcal infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jun-2014
As chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) progresses, exacerbations can occur with increasing frequency. One goal of therapy is to prevent these exacerbations, thereby reducing morbidity and associated healthcare costs. Pneumococcal vaccinations are
- Inositol in preterm infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jan-2015
Inositol is an essential nutrient required by human cells in culture for growth and survival. Inositol promotes maturation of several components of surfactant and may play a critical role in fetal and early neonatal life.
- Instruments for assessing readiness to commence suck feeds in preterm infants: effects on time to establish full oral feeding and duration of hospitalisation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Mar-2012
One of the most challenging milestones for preterm infants is the acquisition of safe and efficient feeding skills. The majority of healthy full term infants are born with skills to coordinate their suck, swallow and respiration. However, this is not the
- Instruments for chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Nov-2012
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is the method of choice for obtaining fetal tissue for prenatal diagnosis before 15 weeks of pregnancy. CVS can be performed using either a transabdominal or transcervical approach. The type of instrument and technique used
- Interventions for dysphagia in long-term, progressive muscle disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jan-2016
Normal swallowing function is divided into oral, pharyngeal, and oesophageal phases. The anatomy and physiology of the oral cavity facilitates an oral preparatory phase of swallowing, in which food and liquid are pushed towards the pharynx by the tongue.
- Interventions for growth failure in childhood Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2006
Crohn's disease in childhood is a chronic relapsing condition. Fifteen to forty per cent of children with Crohn's disease have growth retardation (Griffiths 1993a). Some treatment modalities including corticosteroids have been implicated in growth failure
- Interventions for non-oliguric hyperkalaemia in preterm neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Apr-2012
Non-oliguric hyperkalaemia of the newborn is defined as a plasma potassium level > 6.5 mmol/L in the absence of acute renal failure. Hyperkalaemia is a common complication in the first 48 hours of life in very low birth weight (VLBW) (birth weight < 1500
- Interventions for prevention of neonatal hyperglycemia in very low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Aug-2011
Among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, early neonatal hyperglycemia is common and is associated with increased risks for death and major morbidities. It is uncertain whether hyperglycemia per se is a cause of adverse clinical outcomes or whether outc
- Interventions for promoting the initiation of breastfeeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Aug-2008
Despite the widely documented health advantages of breastfeeding over formula feeding, initiation rates remain relatively low in many high-income countries, particularly among women in lower income groups.
- Interventions for treating peripartum cardiomyopathy to improve outcomes for women and babies
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jul-2010
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM or PCMO) is a rare disease of unknown etiology, characterised by an acute onset of heart failure in women in the late stage of pregnancy or in the early months postpartum.
- Interventions in the workplace to support breastfeeding for women in employment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2012
In recent years there has been a rise in the participation rate of women in employment. Some may become pregnant while in employment and subsequently deliver their babies. Most may decide to return early to work after giving birth for various reasons. Unl
- Interventions to prevent hypothermia at birth in preterm and/or low birthweight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Feb-2010
Keeping vulnerable preterm infants warm is problematic even when recommended routine thermal care guidelines are followed in the delivery suite.
- Intra-amniotic surfactant for women at risk of preterm birth for preventing respiratory distress in newborns
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-May-2012
Early surfactant reduces mortality and pulmonary complications in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. However, current surfactant administration strategies require endotracheal intubation with or without continued mechanical ventilation. B
- Intramuscular penicillin for the prevention of early onset group B streptococcal infection in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Mar-2012
Early-onset group B streptococcal disease (EOGBSD) is the most frequent cause of serious infection in the newborn period. Current strategies used to prevent EOGBSD are focused upon maternal antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce transmission of GBS to the infan
