Showing 181-200 of 589 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Pregnancy and childbirth 
- Effects of restricted caffeine intake by mother on fetal, neonatal and pregnancy outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jun-2015
Maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy may have adverse effects on fetal, neonatal and maternal outcomes.
- Efficacy and safety of cesarean delivery for prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV‐1
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2005
Cesarean section before labor and before ruptured membranes ("elective cesarean section", or ECS) has been introduced as an intervention for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1. The role of mode of delivery in the management of
- Elective birth at 37 weeks’ gestation for women with an uncomplicated twin pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Feb-2014
The optimal timing of birth for women with an otherwise uncomplicated twin pregnancy at term is uncertain, with clinical support for both elective delivery at 37 weeks, as well as expectant management (awaiting the spontaneous onset of labour).
- Elective delivery in diabetic pregnant women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2001
In pregnancies complicated by diabetes the major concerns during the third trimester are fetal distress and the potential for birth trauma associated with fetal macrosomia.
- Elective repeat caesarean section versus induction of labour for women with a previous caesarean birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jul-2017
When a woman has had a previous caesarean birth and requires induction of labour for a subsequent pregnancy, two options are available for her care: an elective repeat caesarean and planned induction of labour. Although risks and benefits are associated w
- Embryo freezing for preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jan-2012
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is an iatrogenic potentially life threatening condition resulting from an excessive ovarian stimulation. Its reported incidence varies from one percent to ten percent of in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. It seem
- Emergency ultrasound‐based algorithms for diagnosing blunt abdominal trauma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Sep-2015
Ultrasonography (performed by means of a four-quadrant, focused assessment of sonography for trauma (FAST)) is regarded as a key instrument for the initial assessment of patients with suspected blunt abdominal and thoraco-abdominal trauma in the emergency
- Endometrial injury in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jun-2021
Implantation of an embryo within the endometrial cavity is a critical step in the process of in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Previous research has suggested that endometrial injury (also known as endometrial scratching), defined as intentional damage to the
- Enemas during labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2013
Although the use of enemas during labour usually reflects the preference of the attending healthcare provider, enemas may cause discomfort for women.
- Energy/protein restriction for high weight-for-height or weight gain during pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Oct-2008
Background pending.
- Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Mar-2020
Lactoferrin, a normal component of human colostrum and milk, can enhance host defenses and may be effective for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm neonates.
- Epidural analgesia for pain relief following hip or knee replacement
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jan-2014
Hip and knee replacement are common operative procedures to improve mobility and quality of life. Adequate pain relief is essential in the postoperative period to enable ambulation and initiation of physiotherapy. Lumbar epidural analgesia is a common mod
- Epidural blood patching for preventing and treating post-dural puncture headache
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Nov-2013
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in Issue 2, 2002. Dural puncture is a common procedure, but leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the resulting dural defect may cause post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) after the procedure, and
- Epidural local anaesthetics versus opioid‐based analgesic regimens for postoperative gastrointestinal paralysis, vomiting and pain after abdominal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jul-2016
Gastrointestinal paralysis, nausea and vomiting and pain are major clinical problems following abdominal surgery. Anaesthetic and analgesic techniques that reduce pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), while preventing or reducing postoperativ
- Epidural versus non‐epidural or no analgesia for pain management in labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-May-2018
Epidural analgesia is a central nerve block technique achieved by injection of a local anaesthetic close to the nerves that transmit pain, and is widely used as a form of pain relief in labour. However, there are concerns about unintended adverse effects
- Exercise for diabetic pregnant women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2006
Diabetes in pregnancy may result in unfavourable maternal and neonatal outcomes. Exercise was proposed as an additional strategy to improve glycaemic control. The effect of exercise during pregnancies complicated by diabetes needs to be assessed.
- Exercise for pregnant women for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jun-2012
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects a significant number of women each year. GDM is associated with a wide range of adverse outcomes for women and their babies. Recent observational studies have found physical activity during normal pregnancy decr
- Exercise or other physical activity for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jan-2010
The association between an increase in regular physical activity and a reduction in the risk of hypertension is well documented for non-pregnant people. It has been suggested that exercise may help prevent pre-eclampsia and its complications. Possible adv
- Expectant care versus surgical treatment for miscarriage
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Feb-2012
Miscarriage is a common complication of early pregnancy that can have both medical and psychological consequences such as depression and anxiety. The need for routine surgical evacuation with miscarriage has been questioned because of potential complicati
- Expedited versus conservative approaches for vaginal delivery in breech presentation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jul-2015
In a vaginal breech birth there may be benefit from rapid delivery of the baby to prevent progressive acidosis. However, this needs to be weighed against the potential trauma of a quick delivery.
