Showing 2001-2020 of 7110 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Effect of partogram use on outcomes for women in spontaneous labour at term
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jul-2013
The partogram (sometimes known as partograph) is usually a pre-printed paper form on which labour observations are recorded. The aim of the partogram is to provide a pictorial overview of labour, to alert midwives and obstetricians to deviations in matern
- Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jun-2012
To successfully initiate and maintain breastfeeding for a longer duration, the World Health Organization's Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding recommends total avoidance of artificial teats or pacifiers for breastfeeding infants. Offering the pacifier i
- Effect of taurine supplementation on growth and development in preterm or low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2010
Taurine is the most abundant free amino acid in breast milk. Evidence exists that taurine has important roles in intestinal fat absorption, hepatic function, and auditory and visual development in preterm or low birth weight infants. Observational data su
- Effect of testing for cancer on cancer- and venous thromboembolism (VTE)-related mortality and morbidity in patients with unprovoked VTE
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2015
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a collective term for two conditions: deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). A proportion of patients with VTE have no underlying or immediately predisposing risk factors and the VTE is referred to as unpro
- Effect of the treatment of Type II diabetes mellitus on the development of cognitive impairment and dementia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Oct-2008
There is increasing interest in preventing cognitive impairment and dementia in later life. Epidemiological evidence shows a relationship between cognitive impairment and Type II diabetes. This association is stronger in patients who have been diagnosed f
- Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth on maternal and infant outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jul-2012
Optimal timing for clamping the umbilical cord at preterm birth is unclear. Early clamping allows for immediate transfer of the infant to the neonatologist. Delaying clamping allows blood flow between the placenta, the umbilical cord and the baby to conti
- Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Dec-2015
Policies for timing of cord clamping vary, with early cord clamping generally carried out in the first 60 seconds after birth, whereas later cord clamping usually involves clamping the umbilical cord more than one minute after the birth or when cord pulsa
- Effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of home palliative care services for adults with advanced illness and their caregivers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jun-2013
Extensive evidence shows that well over 50% of people prefer to be cared for and to die at home provided circumstances allow choice. Despite best efforts and policies, one-third or less of all deaths take place at home in many countries of the world.
- Effectiveness and risks of cricoid pressure during rapid sequence induction for endotracheal intubation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2015
Rapid sequence induction (RSI) for endotracheal intubation is a technique widely used in anaesthesia, emergency and intensive care medicine to secure an airway in patients deemed at risk of pulmonary aspiration. Cricoid pressure is conceptually used to re
- Effectiveness and safety of first-line tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz for patients with HIV
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2012
The current recommended antiretroviral treatment is a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Although HAART has been associated with improved clinical response to treatment, issues of adherence and viral resistance are major challenges limiting its
- Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Aug-2009
Many trials reported that brief interventions are effective in reducing excessive drinking. However, some trials have been criticised for being clinically unrepresentative and unable to inform clinical practice.
- Effectiveness of different nursing handover styles for ensuring continuity of information in hospitalised patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jun-2014
An accurate handover of clinical information is of great importance to continuity and safety of care. If clinically relevant information is not shared accurately and in a timely manner it may lead to adverse events, delays in treatment and diagnosis, inap
- Effectiveness of different treatment modalities for the management of adult-onset granulosa cell tumours of the ovary (primary and recurrent)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Apr-2014
Granulosa cell tumour is a rare gynaecological tumour of the ovary with recurrences many years after initial diagnosis and treatment. Evidence-based management of granulosa cell tumour of the ovary is limited, and treatment has not been standardised. Surg
- Effectiveness of external inspection of compliance with standards in improving healthcare organisation behaviour, healthcare professional behaviour or patient outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2011
Inspection systems are used in health care to promote quality improvements, i.e. to achieve changes in organisational structures or processes, healthcare provider behaviour and patient outcomes. These systems are based on the assumption that externally pr
- Effectiveness of intermediate care in nursing-led in-patient units
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
The Nursing led inpatient Unit (NLU) is one of a range of services that have been considered in order to manage more successfully the transition between hospital and home for patients with extended recovery times. This is an update of an earlier review pu
- Effectiveness of organisational infrastructures to promote evidence-based nursing practice
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jan-2012
Nurses and midwives form the bulk of the clinical health workforce and play a central role in all health service delivery. There is potential to improve health care quality if nurses routinely use the best available evidence in their clinical practice. Si
- Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Feb-2015
The gold standard treatment for symptomatic lumbar stenosis refractory to conservative management is a facet-preserving laminectomy. New techniques of posterior decompression have been developed to preserve spinal integrity and to minimise tissue damage b
- Effectiveness of shared care across the interface between primary and specialty care in chronic disease management
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
Shared care has been used in the management of many chronic conditions with the assumption that it delivers better care than either primary or specialty care alone. It has been defined as the joint participation of primary care physicians and specialty ca
- Effectiveness of staffing models in residential, subacute, extended aged care settings on patient and staff outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2011
A key concern for managers and nurse administrators of healthcare settings is staffing. Determining and maintaining an appropriate level and mix of staff is especially problematic for those working in the long-term aged-care sector, where resident needs a
- Effectiveness of systematic screening for the detection of atrial fibrillation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Mar-2013
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Screening for AF in asymptomatic patients has been proposed as a way of reducing the burden of the disease by detecting people w
