Showing 2061-2080 of 8668 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Devices and pressure sources for administration of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in preterm neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2008
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) is used to support preterm infants recently extubated, those experiencing significant apnoea of prematurity and those with respiratory distress soon after birth as an alternative to intubation and ventilat
- Devices for preventing percutaneous exposure injuries caused by needles in healthcare personnel
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Nov-2017
Percutaneous exposure injuries from devices used for blood collection or for injections expose healthcare workers to the risk of blood borne infections such as hepatitis B and C, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Safety features such as shields or r
- Dexamethasone as an adjuvant to peripheral nerve block
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2017
Peripheral nerve block (infiltration of local anaesthetic around a nerve) is used for anaesthesia or analgesia. A limitation to its use for postoperative analgesia is that the analgesic effect lasts only a few hours, after which moderate to severe pain at
- Dexmedetomidine for the management of awake fibreoptic intubation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jan-2014
Awake fibreoptic intubation (AFOI) frequently requires sedation, anxiolysis and relief of discomfort without impairing ventilation and depressing cardiovascular function. The goal is to allow the patient to be responsive and co-operative. Medications such
- Diacerein for osteoarthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Feb-2014
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal diseases. There is currently no consensus on what is the best treatment to improve OA symptoms and slow disease progression. Diacerein is an anthraquinone synthesised in 1980 that interferes
- Diagnostic accuracy of different imaging modalities following computed tomography (CT) scanning for assessing the resectability with curative intent in pancreatic and periampullary cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Sep-2016
Periampullary cancer includes cancer of the head and neck of the pancreas, cancer of the distal end of the bile duct, cancer of the ampulla of Vater, and cancer of the second part of the duodenum. Surgical resection is the only established potentially cur
- Diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for the preoperative locoregional staging of primary gastric cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Feb-2015
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is proposed as an accurate diagnostic device for the locoregional staging of gastric cancer, which is crucial to developing a correct therapeutic strategy and ultimately to providing patients with the best chance of cure. Howev
- Diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopy following computed tomography (CT) scanning for assessing the resectability with curative intent in pancreatic and periampullary cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jul-2016
Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment for pancreatic and periampullary cancer. A considerable proportion of patients undergo unnecessary laparotomy because of underestimation of the extent of the cancer on computed tomography (CT)
- Diagnostic test accuracy of jolt accentuation for headache in acute meningitis in the emergency setting
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jun-2020
Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the layers that protect the brain and spinal cord. Acute meningitis is an emergent disease that develops over the course of hours to several days. Delay in treatment can lead to serious outcomes.
- Diagnostic test accuracy of telehealth assessment for dementia and mild cognitive impairment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jul-2021
Many millions of people living with dementia around the world are not diagnosed, which has a negative impact both on their access to care and treatment and on rational service planning. Telehealth - the use of information and communication technology (ICT
- Diagnostic tests for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in preschool children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jul-2018
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a behaviourally diagnosed condition. It is defined by impairments in social communication or the presence of restricted or repetitive behaviours, or both. Diagnosis is made according to existing classification systems. In
- Diagnostic tests for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients presenting with clinically evident lesions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jul-2021
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common form of malignancy of the oral cavity, and is often proceeded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). Early detection of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (oral cancer) can improve survival rates. The c
- Dialysate temperature reduction for intradialytic hypotension for people with chronic kidney disease requiring haemodialysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jul-2019
Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a common complication of haemodialysis (HD), and a risk factor of cardiovascular morbidity and death. Several clinical studies suggested that reduction of dialysate temperature, such as fixed reduction of dialysate tempe
- Diaphragm versus diaphragm with spermicides for contraception
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2003
The diaphragm is usually used with a spermicide. However, some practitioners have suggested that spermicides offer no additional contraceptive protection and have advocated alternative guidelines for the use of diaphragms.
- Diaphragm‐triggered non‐invasive respiratory support in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Mar-2020
Diaphragm-triggered non-invasive respiratory support, commonly referred to as NIV-NAVA (non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist), uses the electrical activity of the crural diaphragm to trigger the start and end of a breath. It provides variable
- Diaries for recovery from critical illness
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Dec-2014
During intensive care unit (ICU) admission, patients experience extreme physical and psychological stressors, including the abnormal ICU environment. These experiences impact on a patient’s recovery from critical illness and may result in both physical an
- Diazepam for treating tetanus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jan-2004
Clinical management of the muscle spasms and rigidity of tetanus poses a difficult therapeutic problem to physicians everywhere, especially in resource poor countries. There are wide variations in therapeutic regimens commonly used in clinical practice du
- Diclofenac for acute pain in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jun-2019
Diclofenac is commonly used for acute pain in children, but is not licensed for this indication in all age groups.
- Diclofenac with or without an antiemetic for acute migraine headaches in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-May-2019
This review is an update of a previously published review in Issue 2, 2012 (Derry 2012a). Migraine is a common, disabling condition and a burden for the individual, health services and society. Many sufferers choose not to, or are unable to, seek professi
- Diet or exercise, or both, for preventing excessive weight gain in pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jun-2015
This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2012, Issue 4. Excessive weight gain during pregnancy is associated with poor maternal and neonatal outcomes including gestational diabetes, hypertension, caesarean section, macrosomia, and stillbi
