Showing 2161-2180 of 8668 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors for people with cardiovascular disease: a network meta‐analysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Oct-2021
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death globally. Recently, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) were approved for treating
- Dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 analogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-May-2017
The projected rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) could develop into a substantial health problem worldwide. Whether dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 analogues are able to prevent or delay T2DM
- Dipyridamole for preventing stroke and other vascular events in patients with vascular disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Aug-2010
Patients with limited cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin are at risk of serious vascular events (4% to 11% annually). Aspirin reduces that risk by 13%. In one trial, adding dipyridamole to aspirin was associated with a 22% risk reduction compared with
- Dipyrone for acute primary headaches
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jun-2019
Dipyrone is used to treat headaches in many countries, but is not available in others (particularly the USA and UK) because of its association with potentially life-threatening blood dyscrasias such as agranulocytosis.
- Direct composite resin fillings versus amalgam fillings for permanent posterior teeth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Aug-2021
Traditionally, amalgam has been used for filling cavities in posterior teeth, and it continues to be the restorative material of choice in some low- and middle-income countries due to its effectiveness and relatively low cost. However, there are concerns
- Direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin for preventing stroke and systemic embolic events among atrial fibrillation patients with chronic kidney disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Nov-2017
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), which is more prevalent among CKD patients than the general population. AF causes stroke or systemic embolism, leading to increased mortality. The conventional antith
- Direct thrombin inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in people with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Mar-2016
Chronic anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) prevents ischaemic stroke and systemic embolism in people with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) but dose adjustment, coagulation monitoring and bleeding limits its use. Direct thrombin inhibit
- Direct thrombin inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists or low molecular weight heparins for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2011
Patients who have undergone total hip or knee replacement (THR, TKR) have a high risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) following surgery, despite appropriate anticoagulation with warfarin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). New anticoagulant
- Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
Patients with discoloured teeth frequently present to the dentist requesting restorations designed to improve their appearance. For teeth that are sound, this might include the use of a veneer restoration. The veneer acts as a thin layer of a material cov
- Direct-acting antivirals for chronic hepatitis C
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Sep-2017
Millions of people worldwide suffer from hepatitis C, which can lead to severe liver disease, liver cancer, and death. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), e.g. sofosbuvir, are relatively new and expensive interventions for chronic hepatitis C, and preliminar
- Directed preconception health programs and interventions for improving pregnancy outcomes for women who are overweight or obese
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jul-2015
Overweight and obesity (body mass index (BMI) = 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2 and BMI = 30 kg/m2, respectively are increasingly common among women of reproductive age. Overweight and obesity are known to be associated with many adverse health conditions in the preco
- Directly observed therapy for treating tuberculosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-May-2015
Tuberculosis (TB) requires at least six months of treatment. If treatment is incomplete, patients may not be cured and drug resistance may develop. Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) is a specific strategy, endorsed by the World Health Organization, to impro
- Discharge planning from hospital
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jan-2016
Discharge planning is a routine feature of health systems in many countries. The aim of discharge planning is to reduce hospital length of stay and unplanned readmission to hospital, and to improve the co-ordination of services following discharge from ho
- Disclosing to parents newborn carrier status identified by routine blood spot screening
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Nov-2013
Newborn blood spot screening programmes are designed to detect serious conditions affecting individuals, where early treatment can improve health. It is suggested that screening can improve the experience of diagnosis for parents. For example, without new
- Discontinuation of epidural analgesia late in labour for reducing the adverse delivery outcomes associated with epidural analgesia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jul-2010
Although epidural analgesia provides the most effective labour analgesia, it is associated with some adverse obstetric consequences, including an increased risk of instrumental delivery. Many centres discontinue epidural analgesia late in labour to improv
- Discontinuation of intravenous oxytocin in the active phase of induced labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Aug-2018
In most Western countries, obstetricians and midwives induce labour in about 25% of pregnant women. Oxytocin is an effective drug for this purpose, but associated with serious adverse effects of which uterine tachysystole, fetal distress and the need for
- Disease management interventions for heart failure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jan-2019
Despite advances in treatment, the increasing and ageing population makes heart failure an important cause of morbidity and death worldwide. It is associated with high healthcare costs, partly driven by frequent hospital readmissions. Disease management i
- Disease modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs in people with cystic fibrosis‐related arthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
Arthritis remains a relatively infrequent complication of cystic fibrosis, but is a cause of significant morbidity when it does occur. Two distinct types of arthritis are described in cystic fibrosis: cystic fibrosis-related arthropathy and hypertrophic o
- Disease‐modifying treatments for primary autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Mar-2021
Primary autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) is an autoantibody mediated condition characterised by a variable disease course. A myriad of immunomodulatory agents have been employed but there is a paucity of evidence to support their use or compare their
- Disposable nappies for preventing napkin dermatitis in infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2006
Napkin dermatitis is a common condition that occurs in otherwise healthy infants. It causes discomfort to infants, anxiety to parents and caregivers and contributes to the load on the health care system. A large variety of napkins, both disposable and non
