Showing 201-220 of 305 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Endocrine and nutrition 
- Oxygen therapy for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jul-2013
The most serious complications of cystic fibrosis (CF) relate to respiratory insufficiency. Oxygen supplementation therapy has long been a standard of care for individuals with chronic lung diseases associated with hypoxemia. Physicians commonly prescribe
- Patient education for preventing diabetic foot ulceration
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Dec-2014
Ulceration of the feet, which can result in loss of limbs and even death, is one of the major health problems for people with diabetes mellitus.
- Pentoxifylline for diabetic retinopathy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2008
There is increasing evidence that capillary occlusion plays an important part in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Disaggregants, such as pentoxyfilline may influence the outcome and progression of diabetic retinopathy, but no systematic review of
- Percutaneous central venous catheters versus peripheral cannulae for delivery of parenteral nutrition in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Oct-2015
Neonatal parenteral nutrition may be delivered via peripheral cannulas or central venous catheters (umbilical or percutaneous). As the result of complications associated with umbilical catheters, many neonatal units prefer to use percutaneous catheters af
- Peri‐operative glycaemic control regimens for preventing surgical site infections in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jul-2009
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization and are potentially preventable. Peri-operative hyperglycaemia has been associated with increased SSIs and previous recommendations have been to
- Pharmacological and nutritional treatment for McArdle disease (Glycogen Storage Disease type V)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2014
McArdle disease (Glycogen Storage Disease type V) is caused by an absence of muscle phosphorylase leading to exercise intolerance, myoglobinuria rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. This is an update of a review first published in 2004.
- Pharmacotherapy for weight loss in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2005
Obesity is closely related to type 2 diabetes and long-term weight reduction is an important part of the care delivered to obese persons with diabetes.
- Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for erectile dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Nov-2008
Erectile dysfunction is a common multi-factorial complication of diabetes mellitus. Numerous strategies have been tried to overcome this diabetic complication. In recent years, phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors have been introduced in the manage
- Physical exercise training for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Nov-2017
Physical exercise training may form an important part of regular care for people with cystic fibrosis. This is an update of a previously published review.
- Pioglitazone for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Diabetes has long been recognised as a strong, independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, a problem which accounts for approximately 70% of all mortality in people with diabetes. Prospective studies show that compared to their non-diabetic counte
- Placebo interventions for all clinical conditions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Placebo interventions are often claimed to substantially improve patient-reported and observer-reported outcomes in many clinical conditions, but most reports on effects of placebos are based on studies that have not randomised patients to placebo or no t
- Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Nov-2019
Chest physiotherapy is widely prescribed to assist the clearance of airway secretions in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) devices provide back pressure to the airways during expiration. This may improve clearance by bui
- Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Aug-2013
Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is a major complication of preterm birth. Large haemorrhages are associated with a high risk of disability and hydrocephalus. Instability of blood pressure and cerebral blood flow are postulated as causative factors. Ano
- Postnatal thyroid hormones for preterm infants with transient hypothyroxinaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2008
Extremely premature infants are at risk of transient hypothyroxinaemia in the first weeks after birth. These low thyroid hormone levels are associated with an increased incidence of neonatal morbidity, mortality and longer term developmental impairments.
- Postnatal thyroid hormones for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2007
Preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome are at increased risk of adverse neonatal and developmental outcomes. In animal research, thyroid hormones stimulate surfactant production and reduce the incidence and severity of respiratory distress whe
- Preoperative fasting for preventing perioperative complications in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2009
Children, like adults, are required to fast before general anaesthesia with the aim of reducing the volume and acidity of their stomach contents. It is thought that fasting reduces the risk of regurgitation and aspiration of gastric contents during surger
- Pressure-relieving interventions for treating diabetic foot ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Nov-2012
Diabetes-related foot ulceration is a major contributor to morbidity in diabetes. Diabetic foot ulcers are partly a consequence of abnormal foot pressures and pressure relief is a widely used treatment for healing diabetes-related plantar foot ulcers, but
- Prevention and treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2007
Cryptosporidiosis is a disease that causes diarrhoea lasting about one to two weeks, sometimes extending up to 2.5 months among the immunocompentent and becoming a more severe life-threatening illness among immunocompromised individuals. Cryptosporidium i
- Progressive resistive exercise interventions for adults living with HIV/AIDS
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Due to medical advancements, many people living with HIV infection in developed countries are living longer (Palella 1998). HIV infection can now present as a chronic illness with an uncertain natural disease history. The changing course of HIV infection
- Prophylactic anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Sep-2020
Staphylococcus aureus causes pulmonary infection in young children with cystic fibrosis. Prophylactic antibiotics are prescribed hoping to prevent such infection and lung damage. Antibiotics have adverse effects and long-term use might lead to infection w
