Showing 201-220 of 419 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Perinatal and infant 
- Intravenous dexamethasone for extubation of newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2001
Endotracheal tubes are foreign bodies that may injure the upper airway causing laryngeal edema. This in turn may result in failure of extubation in preterm infants. Corticosteroids have been used prophylactically to reduce upper airway obstruction and fac
- Intravenous immunoglobulin for preventing infection in preterm and/or low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jan-2020
Nosocomial infections continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among preterm and/or low birth weight (LBW) infants. Preterm infants are deficient in immunoglobulin G (IgG); therefore, administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG
- Intravenous immunoglobulin for suspected or proven infection in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jan-2020
Neonates are at higher risk of infection due to immuno-incompetence. Maternal transport of immunoglobulins to the fetus mainly occurs after 32 weeks' gestation, and endogenous synthesis begins several months after birth. Administration of intravenous immu
- Intravenous in‐line filters for preventing morbidity and mortality in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Aug-2015
Venous access is an essential part of caring for the sick neonate. However, problems such as contamination of fluids with bacteria, endotoxins and particulates have been associated with intravenous infusion therapy. Intravenous in-line filters claim to be
- Intravenous or enteral loop diuretics for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2011
Lung disease in preterm infants is often complicated with lung edema.
- Intraventricular streptokinase after intraventricular hemorrhage in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2007
Hydrocephalus following intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is still one of the most serious complications of premature birth. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery cannot be carried out early and permanent dependence on a shunt is associated with several seri
- Iodine supplementation for the prevention of mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2019
Parenteral nutrition solutions, artificial formulas, and human breast milk contain insufficient iodine to meet recommended intakes for preterm infants. Iodine deficiency may exacerbate transient hypothyroxinaemia in preterm infants and this may be associa
- Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Aug-2016
Kangaroo mother care (KMC), originally defined as skin-to-skin contact between a mother and her newborn, frequent and exclusive or nearly exclusive breastfeeding, and early discharge from hospital, has been proposed as an alternative to conventional neona
- Kinesthetic stimulation for preventing apnea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2002
Recurrent apnea is common in preterm infants, particularly at very early gestational ages. These episodes of loss of effective breathing can lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia, which may be severe enough to require resuscitation including use of positive p
- Kinesthetic stimulation for treating apnea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jan-1999
Recurrent apnea is common in preterm infants particularly at very early gestational ages. These episodes of loss of effective breathing can lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia, which may be severe enough to require resuscitation including use of positive pr
- Kinesthetic stimulation versus methylxanthine for apnea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Apr-1998
Apnea of prematurity may lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia requiring resuscitative measures being instituted. Many treatments have been used in infants with apnea of prematurity including methylxanthines. Physical stimulation is often used to restart brea
- Lactase treated feeds to promote growth and feeding tolerance in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Mar-2013
Successful transition from parenteral nutrition to full enteral feedings during the immediate neonatal period is associated with improved growth in preterm infants. Lactase is the last of the major intestinal disaccharidases to develop in preterm infants.
- Lactational amenorrhoea method for family planning
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Oct-2015
It is estimated that about 40% of pregnancies in the world are unintended and that the major part of these are unwanted. There are several reasons no or ineffective contraception is used to prevent these pregnancies, including difficulty in obtaining cont
- Laryngeal mask airway surfactant administration for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jun-2011
Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) administration is one way of delivering surfactant to the infant lung, with the potential benefit of avoiding endotracheal intubation and ventilation, ventilator induced lung injury and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
- Laryngeal mask airway versus bag‐mask ventilation or endotracheal intubation for neonatal resuscitation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2018
Providing effective positive pressure ventilation is considered to be the single most important component of successful neonatal resuscitation. Ventilation is frequently initiated manually with bag and face mask (BMV) followed by endotracheal intubation i
- Late (≥ 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2021
Many infants born preterm develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), with lung inflammation playing a role. Corticosteroids have powerful anti-inflammatory effects and have been used to treat individuals with established BPD. However, it is unclear whether
- Late erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents to prevent red blood cell transfusion in preterm or low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Jan-2020
Preterm infants have low plasma levels of erythropoietin (EPO), providing a rationale for the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) to prevent or treat anaemia. Darbepoetin (Darbe) and EPO are currently available ESAs.
- Lidocaine-prilocaine cream for analgesia during circumcision in newborn boys
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Apr-2015
Neonates routinely undergo tissue-damaging interventions as part of medical treatment. The skin is the site of noxious stimulation for many procedures, including circumcision. EMLA (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics) penetrates intact skin and has the
- Light-emitting diode phototherapy for unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2011
Phototherapy is the mainstay of treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. The commonly used light sources for providing phototherapy are special blue fluorescent tubes, compact fluorescent tubes and halogen spotlights. However, light emitting diodes (LED
- Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Mar-2017
The long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) are considered essential for maturation of the developing brain, retina and other organs in newborn infants. Standard infant milk formulae are not sup
