Showing 221-240 of 1273 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Concomitant chemotherapy and radiation therapy for cancer of the uterine cervix
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2015
The National Cancer Institute (USA) alert in February 1999 stated that concomitant chemoradiotherapy should be considered for all patients with cervical cancer, based on evidence from five randomised controlled trials (RCTs).
- Concomitant hydroxyurea plus radiotherapy versus radiotherapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2015
A number of randomised studies suggest hydroxyurea given alongside radiotherapy improves survival in patients with locally advanced cervix cancer. Following publication of five large randomised trials in 1999 and 2000 concomitant chemoradiotherapy has bec
- Concurrent chemoradiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2010
This is an updated version of the original review published in Issue 4, 2004. The use of concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) might be seen as a way of increasing the effectiveness of radical radiotherapy at the s
- Condom effectiveness in reducing heterosexual HIV transmission
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
The amount of protection that condoms provide for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections is unknown. Cohort studies of sexually active HIV serodiscordant couples with follow-up of the seronegative partner, provide a situation in which a seronegativ
- Conjugate vaccines for preventing Haemophilus influenzae type B infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jul-2009
Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) is an important cause of meningitis and pneumonia in children. Vaccine cost is a significant barrier to use in low income countries. Determining the size of the effects of the vaccine will enable cost-effectiveness c
- Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jan-2015
Urinary incontinence is common after radical prostatectomy and can also occur in some circumstances after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Conservative management includes pelvic floor muscle training with or without biofeedback, electrical
- Conservative versus operative treatment for hip fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2008
Until operative treatment involving the use of various implants was introduced in the 1950s, hip fractures were managed using conservative methods based on traction and bed rest.
- Constraint-induced movement therapy in the treatment of the upper limb in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
Children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy learn strategies to manage daily tasks (for example play) using one hand and often the affected limb is disregarded or not used. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is emerging as a treatment approach for use
- Containment strategies for people with serious mental illness
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2012
The management of acutely disturbed people during periods of psychiatric crisis poses a particular challenge for mental health professionals. The challenge is to maintain safety while providing a safe and therapeutic environment. Non-pharmaceutical method
- Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2012
Educational meetings are widely used for continuing medical education. Previous reviews found that interactive workshops resulted in moderately large improvements in professional practice, whereas didactic sessions did not.
- Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) versus hospital or home haemodialysis for end-stage renal disease in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jan-2014
Renal replacement therapy (RRT) with dialysis and transplantation is the only means of sustaining life for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Although transplantation is the treatment of choice, the number of donor kidneys are limited and tran
- Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis versus automated peritoneal dialysis for end-stage renal disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2008
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) can be performed either manually as in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or using mechanical devices as in automated PD (APD). APD has been considered to have several advantages over CAPD such as reduced incidence o
- Continuous infusion versus intermittent flushing to prevent loss of function of peripheral intravenous catheters used for drug administration in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2008
The use of peripheral intravenous cannulae is common in newborn babies. Many of them require an intravenous line only for medications and not for fluid. Currently there is little uniformity in methods used to maintain cannula patency.
- Continuous passive motion following total knee arthroplasty in people with arthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Mar-2014
Arthritis of the knee is a common problem causing pain and disability. If severe, knee arthritis can be surgically managed with a total knee arthroplasty. Rehabilitation following knee arthroplasty often includes continuous passive motion (CPM). CPM is ap
- Contracts between patients and healthcare practitioners for improving patients' adherence to treatment, prevention and health promotion activities
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2009
Contracts are a verbal or written agreement that a patient makes with themselves, with healthcare practitioners, or with carers, where participants commit to a set of behaviours related to the care of a patient. Contracts aim to improve the patients' adhe
- Conventional chest physiotherapy compared to other airway clearance techniques for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2013
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited life-limiting disorder, characterised by pulmonary infections and thick airway secretions. Chest physiotherapy has been integral to clinical management in facilitating removal of airway secretions. Conventional chest physio
- Cooling for newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Feb-2013
Newborn animal studies and pilot studies in humans suggest that mild hypothermia following peripartum hypoxia-ischaemia in newborn infants may reduce neurological sequelae without adverse effects.
- Cooling therapy for acute stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Sep-2008
Increased body temperatures are common in patients with acute stroke and are associated with poor outcome. In animal models of focal cerebral ischaemia, temperature-lowering therapy reduces infarct volume. In patients with acute stroke, lowering temperatu
- Co-ordinated multidisciplinary approaches for inpatient rehabilitation of older patients with proximal femoral fractures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2009
Hip fracture is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in older people and its impact, both on the individual and to society, is substantial.
- Correction of chronic metabolic acidosis for chronic kidney disease patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-May-2014
Metabolic acidosis is a feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to the reduced capacity of the kidney to synthesise ammonia and excrete hydrogen ions. It has adverse consequences on protein and muscle metabolism, bone turnover and the development of r
