Showing 221-240 of 419 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Perinatal and infant 
- Long versus short inspiratory times in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
When intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) was introduced in newborn infants with hypoxic respiratory failure from hyaline membrane disease (HMD), mortality was high and air leaks problematic. This barotrauma was caused by the high peak inspir
- Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Dec-2016
Controversy exists over whether longchain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are essential nutrients for preterm infants because they may not be able to synthesise sufficient amounts of LCPUFA to meet the needs of the developing brain and retina.
- Low versus high haemoglobin concentration threshold for blood transfusion for preventing morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Sep-2011
Infants of very low birth weight often receive multiple transfusions of red blood cells, usually in response to predetermined haemoglobin or haematocrit thresholds. In the absence of better indices, haemoglobin levels are imperfect but necessary guides to
- Lung lavage for meconium aspiration syndrome in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Mar-2013
Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) can occur when a newborn infant inhales a mixture of meconium and amniotic fluid into the lungs around the time of delivery. Other than supportive measures, little effective therapy is available. Lung lavage may be a pot
- Magnesium sulfate for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Feb-2010
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) occurs in approximately 1.9 per 1000 newborns and may be more frequent in developing countries. There is strong evidence for the use of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenat
- Magnesium sulphate for preventing preterm birth in threatened preterm labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Aug-2014
Magnesium sulphate has been used in some settings as a tocolytic agent to inhibit uterine activity in women in preterm labour with the aim of preventing preterm birth.
- Maintenance therapy with calcium channel blockers for preventing preterm birth after threatened preterm labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Oct-2013
Calcium channel blocker maintenance therapy is one of the types of tocolytic therapy that may be used after an episode of threatened preterm labour (and usually an initial dose of tocolytic therapy) in an attempt to prevent the onset of further preterm co
- Male circumcision for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Apr-2013
Male circumcision is defined as the surgical removal of all or part of the foreskin of the penis and may be practiced as part of a religious ritual, as a medical procedure, or as part of a traditional ritual performed as an initiation into manhood. Since
- Manipulative therapies for infantile colic
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Nov-2012
Infantile colic is a common disorder, affecting around one in six families, and in 2001 was reported to cost the UK National Health Service in excess of £65 million per year (Morris 2001). Although it usually remits by six months of age, there is some evi
- Massage for promoting growth and development of preterm and/or low birth‐weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2004
It has been argued that infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units are subject both to a highly stressful environment - continuous, high-intensity noise and bright light - and to a lack of the tactile stimulation that they would otherwise experience in the
- Massage for promoting mental and physical health in typically developing infants under the age of six months
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Apr-2013
Infant massage is increasingly being used in the community with babies and their primary caregivers. Anecdotal reports suggest benefits for sleep, respiration and elimination, the reduction of colic and wind, and improved growth. Infant massage is also th
- Maternal antigen avoidance during lactation for preventing atopic disease in infants of women at high risk
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2008
Background pending.
- Maternal antigen avoidance during lactation for preventing atopic eczema in infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2008
Background pending.
- Mechanical ventilation for newborn infants with respiratory failure due to pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Oct-2002
Mechanical ventilation (MV) for critically ill neonates was introduced in the 1960s and is now standard treatment for infants with severe RDS. However, the degree to which this made a contribution to the outcome of such infants is uncertain.
- Medical treatment for early fetal death (less than 24 weeks)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jun-2019
In most pregnancies that miscarry, arrest of embryonic or fetal development occurs some time (often weeks) before the miscarriage occurs. Ultrasound examination can reveal abnormal findings during this phase by demonstrating anembryonic pregnancies or emb
- Medical versus surgical methods for first trimester termination of pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Oct-2002
Induced abortions are very commonly practiced interventions worldwide. A variety of medical abortion methods have been introduced during the last decade in addition to existing surgical methods. In this review we systematically searched for and combined a
- Medications for increasing milk supply in mothers expressing breastmilk for their preterm hospitalised infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Feb-2012
Breastmilk remains the optimal form of enteral nutrition for term and preterm infants until up to six months postnatal age. Mothers of preterm infants who have not established suck feeds must express their breastmilk and often have difficulty in maintaini
- Metalloporphyrins for treatment of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Oct-2008
Metalloporphyrins are heme analogues that inhibit heme oxygenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of heme to bilirubin. By preventing the formation of bilirubin, they have the potential to reduce the level of unconjugated bilirubin in neonates
- Methylxanthine treatment for apnoea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2013
Recurrent apnoea is common in preterm infants, particularly at very early gestational ages. These episodes of ineffective breathing can lead to hypoxaemia and bradycardia that may be severe enough to require the use of positive pressure ventilation. Methy
- Moderately early (7‐14 days) postnatal corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2003
Corticosteroids have been used late in the neonatal period to treat chronic lung disease (CLD) in preterm babies, and early to try to prevent it. CLD is likely to be the result of persisting inflammation in the lung and the use of powerful anti-inflammato
