Showing 221-240 of 284 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Trauma and injuries 
- Removal of nail polish and finger rings to prevent surgical infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jul-2014
Surgical wound infections may be caused by the transfer of bacteria from the hands of surgical teams to patients during operations. Surgical scrubbing prior to surgery reduces the number of bacteria on the skin, but wearing rings and nail polish on the fi
- Replacement arthroplasty versus internal fixation for extracapsular hip fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Nov-2008
Internal fixation, commonly used for extracapsular hip fractures, may fail particularly in unstable fractures. Replacement of the hip using arthroplasty, often used for intracapsular fractures, has been used as an alternative.
- Risedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-May-2022
Osteoporosis is an abnormal reduction in bone mass and bone deterioration leading to increased fracture risk. Risedronate belongs to the bisphosphonate class of drugs which act to inhibit bone resorption by interfering with the activity of osteoclasts. Th
- Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2010
Metformin is an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent that has been shown to reduce total mortality compared to other anti-hyperglycemic agents, in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin, however, is thought to increase the risk of lactic acidosis,
- Safety education of pedestrians for injury prevention
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Mar-2012
Each year about one million people die and about 10 million are seriously injured on the world's roads. Educational measures to teach pedestrians how to cope with the traffic environment are considered to be an essential component of any prevention strate
- School-based driver education for the prevention of traffic crashes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
In the UK, drivers aged 17 to 21 years make up 7% of licence holders but 13% of drivers involved in road traffic crashes resulting in injury. As in many countries, the UK government has proposed to tackle this problem with driver education programmes in s
- School-based education programmes for the prevention of child sexual abuse
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Apr-2015
Child sexual abuse is a significant global problem in both magnitude and sequelae. The most widely used primary prevention strategy has been the provision of school-based education programmes. Although programmes have been taught in schools since the 1980
- School-based secondary prevention programmes for preventing violence
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jul-2009
Early aggressive behaviour is a risk factor for later violence and criminal behaviour. Despite over 20 years of violence prevention interventions being delivered in the school setting, questions remain regarding the effectiveness of different intervention
- Screening women for intimate partner violence in healthcare settings
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jul-2015
Intimate partner violence (IPV) damages individuals, their children, communities, and the wider economic and social fabric of society. Some governments and professional organisations recommend screening all women for IPV rather than asking only women with
- Short term urinary catheter policies following urogenital surgery in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Nov-2008
Urinary catheterisation (by the urethral or suprapubic routes) is common following urogenital surgery. There is no consensus on how to minimize complications and practice varies.
- Simple aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jan-2013
In the management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax, simple aspiration is technically easier to perform. A systematic review may better define the clinical effectiveness and safety of simple aspiration compared to intercostal tube drainage in the manage
- Single dose oral aspirin for acute postoperative pain in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Apr-2015
This review is an update of a previously published review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews on 'Single dose oral aspirin for acute pain'. Aspirin has been known for many years to be an effective analgesic for many different pain conditions. A
- Single, double or multiple-injection techniques for non-ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults undergoing surgery of the lower arm
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Aug-2013
Regional anaesthesia comprising axillary block of the brachial plexus is a common anaesthetic technique for distal upper limb surgery. This is an update of a review first published in 2006 and updated in 2011.
- Skin preparation with alcohol versus alcohol followed by any antiseptic for preventing bacteraemia or contamination of blood for transfusion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2015
Blood for transfusion may become contaminated at any point between collection and transfusion and may result in bacteraemia (the presence of bacteria in the blood), severe illness or even death for the blood recipient. Donor arm skin is one potential sour
- Sodium bicarbonate supplements for treating acute kidney injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Apr-2012
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common, serious, but potentially treatable condition. Because AKI is often associated with acidosis, it has become common practice to recommend administration of sodium bicarbonate to correct acid imbalance.
- Soy formula for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2008
Allergies and food reactions in infants and children are common and may be associated with a variety of foods including adapted cow's milk formula. Soy based formulas have been used to treat infants with allergy or food intolerance. However, it is unclear
- Speed cameras for the prevention of road traffic injuries and deaths
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Oct-2012
It is estimated that by 2020, road traffic crashes will have moved from ninth to third in the world ranking of burden of disease, as measured in disability adjusted life years. The prevention of road traffic injuries is of global public health importance.
- Spinal cord stimulation for non-reconstructable chronic critical leg ischaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Feb-2013
Patients suffering from inoperable chronic critical leg ischaemia (NR-CCLI) face amputation of the leg. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been proposed as a helpful treatment in addition to standard conservative treatment.
- Spinal fixation surgery for acute traumatic spinal cord injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Sep-2008
If the spine is unstable following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), surgical fusion and bracing may be necessary to obtain vertical stability and prevent re-injury of the spinal cord from repeated movement of the unstable bony elements. It has been sug
- Spinal immobilisation for trauma patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Sep-2008
Spinal immobilisation involves the use of a number of devices and strategies to stabilise the spinal column after injury and thus prevent spinal cord damage. The practice is widely recommended and widely used in trauma patients with suspected spinal cord
