Showing 2461-2480 of 8875 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Effect of outpatient pharmacists' non‐dispensing roles on patient outcomes and prescribing patterns
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jul-2010
The roles of pharmacists in patient care have expanded from the traditional tasks of dispensing medications and providing basic medication counseling to working with other health professionals and the public. Multiple reviews have evaluated the impact of
- Effect of partograph use on outcomes for women in spontaneous labour at term and their babies
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Aug-2018
The partograph (sometimes known as partogram) is usually a pre-printed paper form on which labour observations are recorded. The aim of the partograph is to provide a pictorial overview of labour, and to alert midwives and obstetricians to deviations in m
- Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2021
An association has been hypothesized between periodontitis and hypertension. Periodontal therapy is believed to reduce systemic inflammatory mediators and increase endothelial function, thus having the potential to prevent and treat hypertension.
- Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Aug-2016
To successfully initiate and maintain breastfeeding for a longer duration, the World Health Organization's Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding recommends total avoidance of artificial teats or pacifiers for breastfeeding infants. Concerns have been rais
- Effect of taurine supplementation on growth and development in preterm or low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2007
Taurine is the most abundant free amino acid in breast milk. Evidence exists that taurine has important roles in intestinal fat absorption, hepatic function, and auditory and visual development in preterm or low birth weight infants. Observational data su
- Effect of testing for cancer on cancer‐ or venous thromboembolism (VTE)‐related mortality and morbidity in people with unprovoked VTE
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2018
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a collective term for two conditions: deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). A proportion of people with VTE have no underlying or immediately predisposing risk factors and the VTE is referred to as unprovo
- Effect of the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus on the development of cognitive impairment and dementia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jun-2017
Prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia is an important public health goal. Epidemiological evidence shows a relationship between cognitive impairment and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The risk of dementia increases with duration of disease. This upda
- Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth on maternal and infant outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Sep-2019
Infants born preterm (before 37 weeks' gestation) have poorer outcomes than infants at term, particularly if born before 32 weeks. Early cord clamping has been standard practice over many years, and enables quick transfer of the infant to neonatal care. D
- Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jul-2013
Policies for timing of cord clamping vary, with early cord clamping generally carried out in the first 60 seconds after birth, whereas later cord clamping usually involves clamping the umbilical cord more than one minute after the birth or when cord pulsa
- Effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of home palliative care services for adults with advanced illness and their caregivers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jun-2013
Extensive evidence shows that well over 50% of people prefer to be cared for and to die at home provided circumstances allow choice. Despite best efforts and policies, one-third or less of all deaths take place at home in many countries of the world.
- Effectiveness and risks of cricoid pressure during rapid sequence induction for endotracheal intubation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2015
Rapid sequence induction (RSI) for endotracheal intubation is a technique widely used in anaesthesia, emergency and intensive care medicine to secure an airway in patients deemed at risk of pulmonary aspiration. Cricoid pressure is conceptually used to re
- Effectiveness and safety of first-line tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz for patients with HIV
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2012
The current recommended antiretroviral treatment is a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Although HAART has been associated with improved clinical response to treatment, issues of adherence and viral resistance are major challenges limiting its
- Effectiveness and safety of procalcitonin evaluation for reducing mortality in adults with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2017
Serum procalcitonin (PCT) evaluation has been proposed for early diagnosis and accurate staging and to guide decisions regarding patients with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock, with possible reduction in mortality.
- Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying doses of inhaled corticosteroids in adolescents and adults with asthma: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Dec-2022
Current guidelines recommend a higher-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) or adding a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) when asthma is not controlled with medium-dose (MD) ICS/long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) combination therapy.
- Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Feb-2018
Excessive drinking is a significant cause of mortality, morbidity and social problems in many countries. Brief interventions aim to reduce alcohol consumption and related harm in hazardous and harmful drinkers who are not actively seeking help for alcohol
- Effectiveness of different nursing handover styles for ensuring continuity of information in hospitalised patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jun-2014
An accurate handover of clinical information is of great importance to continuity and safety of care. If clinically relevant information is not shared accurately and in a timely manner it may lead to adverse events, delays in treatment and diagnosis, inap
- Effectiveness of different treatment modalities for the management of adult‐onset granulosa cell tumours of the ovary (primary and recurrent)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Apr-2014
Granulosa cell tumour is a rare gynaecological tumour of the ovary with recurrences many years after initial diagnosis and treatment. Evidence-based management of granulosa cell tumour of the ovary is limited, and treatment has not been standardised. Surg
- Effectiveness of intermediate care in nursing‐led in‐patient units
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2007
The Nursing led inpatient Unit (NLU) is one of a range of services that have been considered in order to manage more successfully the transition between hospital and home for patients with extended recovery times. This is an update of an earlier review pu
- Effectiveness of organisational infrastructures to promote evidence‐based nursing practice
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
Nurses and midwives form the bulk of the clinical health workforce and play a central role in all health service delivery. There is potential to improve health care quality if nurses routinely use the best available evidence in their clinical practice. Si
- Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Feb-2015
The gold standard treatment for symptomatic lumbar stenosis refractory to conservative management is a facet-preserving laminectomy. New techniques of posterior decompression have been developed to preserve spinal integrity and to minimise tissue damage b
