Showing 2461-2480 of 8668 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Elective preterm birth for fetal gastroschisis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-May-2013
Gastroschisis is an uncommon congenital defect of the anterior abdominal wall that results in herniation of intestinal loops outside the abdominal cavity. Babies with gastroschisis generally do well, but there remains a mortality rate of 5% to 10% and som
- Elective repeat caesarean section versus induction of labour for women with a previous caesarean birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jul-2017
When a woman has had a previous caesarean birth and requires induction of labour for a subsequent pregnancy, two options are available for her care: an elective repeat caesarean and planned induction of labour. Although risks and benefits are associated w
- Elective surgery for benign liver tumours
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Oct-2008
Benign liver tumours (haemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, and hepatic adenoma) have different prevalence and prognosis. Spontaneous rupture and malignant transformation can complicate hepatic adenoma. Elective surgery is controversial, and indications
- Elective versus symptomatic intravenous antibiotic therapy for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jul-2012
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the commonest micro-organism associated with respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis. Retrospective studies have suggested that using an aggressive policy of intravenous anti-pseudomonal antibiotics at regular intervals, irres
- Electric fans for reducing adverse health impacts in heatwaves
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jul-2012
Heatwaves are hot weather events, which breach regional or national thresholds, that last for several days. They are likely to occur with increasing frequency in some parts of the world. The potential consequences were illustrated in Europe in August 2003
- Electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation and flutter
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Nov-2017
Atrial fibrillation increases stroke risk and adversely affects cardiovascular haemodynamics. Electrical cardioversion may, by restoring sinus rhythm, improve cardiovascular haemodynamics, reduce the risk of stroke, and obviate the need for long-term anti
- Electrical conductance for the detection of dental caries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2021
Caries is one of the most prevalent, preventable conditions worldwide. A wide variety of management options are available at different thresholds of disease, ranging from non-operative preventive strategies such as improved oral hygiene, reduced sugar die
- Electrical stimulation for faecal incontinence in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jul-2007
Faecal incontinence is a particularly embarrassing and distressing condition with significant medical, social and economic implications. Electrical stimulation has been used with apparent success in the treatment of faecal incontinence. However, standards
- Electrical stimulation for preventing and treating post‐stroke shoulder pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2000
Shoulder pain after stroke is common and disabling. The optimal management is uncertain, but electrical stimulation (ES) is often used to treat and prevent pain.
- Electrical stimulation for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2002
Electrical stimulation is one of several rehabilitation interventions suggested for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to enhance muscle performance.
- Electrical stimulation for treating pressure ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2020
Pressure ulcers (also known as pressure sores, decubitus ulcers or bedsores) are localised injuries to the skin or underlying tissue, or both. Pressure ulcers are a disabling consequence of immobility. Electrical stimulation (ES) is widely used for the tr
- Electrical stimulation with non-implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Dec-2017
Several treatment options are available for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), including pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), drug therapy and surgery. Problems exist such as adherence to PFMT regimens, side effects linked to drug therapy and the risks as
- Electrical stimulation with non-implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Feb-2017
Several options exist for managing overactive bladder (OAB), including electrical stimulation (ES) with non-implanted devices, conservative treatment and drugs. Electrical stimulation with non-implanted devices aims to inhibit contractions of the detrusor
- Electrocoagulation for liver metastases
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Jan-2021
Primary liver tumours and liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma are two of the most common malignant tumours to affect the liver. The liver is second only to the lymph nodes as the most common site for metastatic disease. More than half of the people
- Electroconvulsive therapy for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2009
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) involves the induction of a seizure for therapeutic purposes by the administration of a variable frequency electrical stimulus shock via electrodes applied to the scalp. The effects of its use in people with schizophrenia a
- Electroconvulsive therapy for the depressed elderly
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2003
Depressive disorders are common in old age, with serious health consequences such as increased morbidity, disability, and mortality. The frailty of elderly people may seriously hamper the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy. Therefore, electroconvulsiv
- Electroconvulsive therapy for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Mar-2019
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) involves the induction of a seizure by the administration of an electrical stimulus via electrodes usually placed bilaterally on the scalp and was introduced as a treatment for schizophrenia in 1938. However, ECT is a contr
- Electromagnetic field stimulation for treating delayed union or non-union of long bone fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Mar-2011
Delayed union and non-union of fractures are a considerable cause of morbidity to patients. Laboratory studies have shown that electromagnetic fields can stimulate the formation of new bone, indicating a potential role for electromagnetic stimulation in t
- Electromagnetic fields for treating osteoarthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Dec-2013
This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2002. Osteoarthritis is a disease that affects the synovial joints, causing degeneration and destruction of hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone. Electromagnetic field therapy is currently used b
- Electromagnetic therapy for treating pressure ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Sep-2015
Pressure ulcers are defined as areas "of localized damage to the skin and underlying tissue caused by pressure, shear, friction and/or the combination of these". Electromagnetic therapy (EMT), in which electrodes produce an electromagnetic field across th
