Showing 241-260 of 305 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Endocrine and nutrition 
- Rosiglitazone for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Diabetes has long been recognised as a strong, independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, a problem which accounts for approximately 70% of all mortality in people with diabetes. Prospective studies show that compared to their non-diabetic counte
- Routine hospital admission versus out-patient or home care in children at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2008
In many places, children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus are admitted to hospital for metabolic stabilisation and training, even if they are not acutely ill. Out-patient or home based management of these children could avoid the stress assoc
- Sapropterin dihydrochloride for phenylketonuria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Mar-2015
Phenylketonuria results from a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. Dietary restriction of phenylalanine keeps blood phenylalanine concentration low. Most natural foods are excluded from diet and supplements are used to supply other nutrien
- Sedative techniques for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2012
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an uncomfortable therapeutic procedure that cannot be performed without adequate sedation or general anaesthesia. A considerable number of ERCPs are performed annually in the UK (at least 48,000) an
- Selenium supplementation to prevent short-term morbidity in preterm neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jan-2011
Selenium is an essential trace element and component of a number of selenoproteins including glutathione peroxidase, which has a role in protecting against oxidative damage. Selenium is also known to play a role in immunocompetence. Blood selenium concent
- Self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are not using insulin
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Apr-2012
Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) has been found to be effective for patients with type 1 diabetes and for patients with type 2 diabetes using insulin. There is much debate on the effectiveness of SMBG as a tool in the self-management for patients w
- Short acting insulin analogues versus regular human insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2008
Short acting insulin analogue use for diabetic patients is still controversial, as reflected in many scientific debates.
- Single versus combination intravenous antibiotic therapy for people with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Apr-2014
Choice of antibiotic, and the use of single or combined therapy are controversial areas in the treatment of respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis (CF). Advantages of combination therapy include wider range of modes of action, possible synergy and reduc
- Sodium channel blockers for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Apr-2014
People with cystic fibrosis (CF) have increased transport of the salt, sodium across their airway lining. Over-absorption of sodium results in the dehydration of the liquid that lines the airway surface and (along with defective chloride secretion) is a p
- Somatostatin analogues for pancreatic surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Mar-2013
Pancreatic resections are associated with high morbidity (30% to 60%) and mortality (5%). Synthetic analogues of somatostatin are advocated by some surgeons to reduce complications following pancreatic surgery; however, their use is controversial.
- Specialist nurses in diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
The patient with diabetes has many different learning needs relating to diet, monitoring, and treatments. In many health care systems specialist nurses provide much of these needs, usually aiming to empower patients to self-manage their diabetes. The pres
- Spironolactone versus placebo or in combination with steroids for hirsutism and/or acne
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2011
Hirsutism is the presence of excessive hair growth in women and is an important cosmetic condition often resulting in severe distress. The most common cause is by increased production of male sex hormones (androgens). It is also affected by increased sens
- Steroid hormones for contraception in men
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Feb-2012
Male hormonal contraception has been an elusive goal. Administration of sex steroids to men can shut off sperm production through effects on the pituitary and hypothalamus. However, this approach also decreases production of testosterone, so 'add-back' th
- Steroid sex hormones for lower limb atherosclerosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Sep-2012
There is accumulating evidence that steroid sex hormones have a beneficial effect on a number of risk factors for peripheral arterial disease.
- Supplemental perioperative steroids for surgical patients with adrenal insufficiency
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2013
Adrenal crisis is a life threatening condition which can be induced by stress during surgery in patients with adrenal insufficiency. This may be prevented by perioperative administration of high doses of steroids. There is disagreement on whether suppleme
- Surgery for weight loss in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Oct-2014
Bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity is considered when other treatments have failed. The effects of the available bariatric procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first
- Sweet potato for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Sep-2013
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is among the most nutritious subtropical and tropical vegetables. It is also used in traditional medicine practices for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research in animal and human models suggests a possible role of sweet potato i
- Systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Nov-2013
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a surgical procedure performed to maintain nutrition in the short- or long-term. During the procedure, a feeding tube that delivers either a liquid diet, or medication, via a clean or sterile delivery system, i
- Systemic corticosteroids for acute gout
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
Gout is one of the most frequently occurring rheumatic diseases, worldwide. Given the well-known drawbacks of the regular treatments for acute gout (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine), systemic corticosteroids might be safe altern
- Systems for routine surveillance in people with diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
There is wide variation in the extent of general practice involvement in diabetes care.
