Showing 241-260 of 508 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Infectious disease 
- Inhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Mar-2018
Inhaled antibiotics are commonly used to treat persistent airway infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa that contributes to lung damage in people with cystic fibrosis. Current guidelines recommend inhaled tobramycin for individuals with cystic fibrosis and
- Inhaled corticosteroids for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jul-2019
The reduction of lung inflammation is one of the goals of cystic fibrosis therapy. Inhaled corticosteroids are often used in this respect to treat children and adults with cystic fibrosis. The rationale for this is their potential to reduce lung damage ar
- Inhaled steroids for episodic viral wheeze of childhood
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2000
Recurrent episodic wheeze in association with viral upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is a specific clinical illness distinct from persistent atopic asthma.
- Initial management strategies for dyspepsia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jul-2009
This review considers management strategies (combinations of initial investigation and empirical treatments) for dyspeptic patients. Dyspepsia was defined to include both epigastric pain and heartburn.
- Insecticide‐treated nets for preventing malaria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Nov-2018
A previous version of this Cochrane Review identified that insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are effective at reducing child mortality, parasite prevalence, and uncomplicated and severe malaria episodes. Insecticide-treated nets have since become a core int
- Insecticide-treated nets for preventing malaria in pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2009
Malaria in pregnancy is associated with adverse consequences for mother and fetus. Protection with insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) during pregnancy is widely advocated, but evidence of their benefit has been inconsistent.
- Integrating prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programmes with other health services for preventing HIV infection and improving HIV outcomes in developing countries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-May-2011
Every year nearly 400,000 children are infected with HIV through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), which is responsible for more than 90% of HIV infections in children. In high-income countries, the MTCT rate is less than 1% through perinatal preventio
- Integration of HIV/AIDS services with maternal, neonatal and child health, nutrition, and family planning services
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
The integration of HIV/AIDS and maternal, neonatal, child health and nutrition services (MNCHN), including family planning (FP) is recognized as a key strategy to reduce maternal and child mortality and control the HIV/AIDS epidemic. However, limited evid
- Interferon alpha for chronic hepatitis D
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Nov-2011
Hepatitis D virus is a small defective RNA virus that requires the presence of hepatitis B virus infection to infect a person. Hepatitis D is a difficult-to-treat infection. Several clinical trials have been published on the efficacy of interferon alpha f
- Interferon for acute hepatitis C
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2001
Acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection progresses to chronicity in the majority of patients. In order to prevent the progression to chronic disease, several studies have assessed interferon in patients with acute hepatitis C.
- Interferon for interferon naive patients with chronic hepatitis C
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2002
A previous meta-analysis of interferon therapy in naive patients with chronic hepatitis C has documented its efficacy in achieving virologic clearance, and improving liver biochemistry and histology; however, since its publication additional trials have b
- Interferon for interferon nonresponding and relapsing patients with chronic hepatitis C
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Dec-2012
The widely-accepted treatment outcome for chronic hepatitis C is the sustained viral response (that is, no measurable viral RNA in blood six months after treatment). However, this surrogate outcome (as well as the previously employed biochemical and histo
- Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Oct-2021
Intermittent catheterisation (IC) is a commonly recommended procedure for people with incomplete bladder emptying. Frequent complications are urinary tract infection (UTI), urethral trauma and discomfort during catheter use. Despite the many designs of in
- Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in children living in areas with seasonal transmission
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
In malaria endemic areas, pre-school children are at high risk of severe and repeated malaria illness. One possible public health strategy, known as Intermittent Preventive Treatment in children (IPTc), is to treat all children for malaria at regular inte
- Intermittent preventive treatment regimens for malaria in HIV‐positive pregnant women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Oct-2011
Intermittent preventive treatment is recommended for pregnant women living in malaria endemic countries due to benefits for both mother and baby. However, the impact may not be the same in HIV-positive pregnant women, as HIV infection impairs a woman's im
- Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Aug-2020
On the American continent, cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (CL and MCL) are diseases associated with infection by several species of Leishmania parasites. Pentavalent antimonials remain the first-choice treatment. There are alternative intervent
- Interventions for cellulitis and erysipelas
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jun-2010
Cellulitis and erysipelas are now usually considered manifestations of the same condition, a skin infection associated with severe pain and systemic symptoms. A range of antibiotic treatments are suggested in guidelines.
- Interventions for cutaneous molluscum contagiosum
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-May-2017
Molluscum contagiosum is a common skin infection that is caused by a pox virus and occurs mainly in children. The infection usually resolves within months in people without immune deficiency, but treatment may be preferred for social and cosmetic reasons
- Interventions for educating traditional healers about STD and HIV medicine
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2009
For the treatment of HIV/AIDS, individuals may consult traditional healers because they possess a shared sociocultural background, meet the needs and expectations of the patients, and pay special attention to social and spiritual matters. Various interven
- Interventions for encouraging sexual behaviours intended to prevent cervical cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Apr-2011
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the key risk factor for cervical cancer. Continuing high rates of HPV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in young people demonstrate the need for effective behavioural interventions.
