Showing 261-280 of 371 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Oncology 
- Postoperative radiotherapy for non‐small cell lung cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Oct-2016
The role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in the treatment of patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was not clear. A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate available ev
- Preoperative chemotherapy for resectable thoracic esophageal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-May-2015
Surgery has been the treatment of choice for patients with localized esophageal cancer. Several studies have investigated whether preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery leads to improvement in cure rates, but individual reports have provided confli
- Preoperative chemotherapy for women with operable breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2007
Currently, preoperative chemotherapy is the standard of care in locally advanced breast cancer to achieve local tumour downsizing in order to make surgery possible. Since the early 1980s, the role of preoperative chemotherapy in early stage (or operable)
- Preoperative medical therapy before surgery for uterine fibroids
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Nov-2017
Uterine fibroids occur in up to 40% of women aged over 35 years. Some are asymptomatic, but up to 50% cause symptoms that warrant therapy. Symptoms include anaemia caused by heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, dysmenorrhoea, infertility and low quality
- Preoperative radiotherapy and curative surgery for the management of localised rectal carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Oct-2018
This is an update of the original review published in 2007.
- Preoperative radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2005
The existing randomized evidence has failed to conclusively demonstrate the benefit or otherwise of preoperative radiotherapy in treating patients with potentially resectable esophageal carcinoma.
- Pre‐treatment surgical para‐aortic lymph node assessment in locally advanced cervical cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Mar-2013
This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2011.
- Primary cryotherapy for localised or locally advanced prostate cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-May-2018
Traditionally, radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy with or without androgen deprivation therapy have been the main treatment options to attempt to cure men with localised or locally advanced prostate cancer. Cryotherapy is an alternative option for tre
- Primary groin irradiation versus primary groin surgery for early vulvar cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2011
Despite changes in technique, morbidity after surgery for vulvar cancer is high and mainly related to the groin dissection. Primary radiotherapy to the groin is expected to result in lower morbidity. However, studies on the efficacy of primary radiotherap
- Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Dec-2020
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) often complicates the clinical course of cancer. The risk is further increased by chemotherapy, but the trade-off between safety and efficacy of primary thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy is uncert
- Primary surgery versus primary radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy for early adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jan-2013
For early squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, the outcome is similar after either primary surgery or primary radiotherapy. There are reports that this is not the case for early adenocarcinoma (AC) of the uterine cervix: some studies have report
- Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing gram‐positive infections associated with long‐term central venous catheters in adults and children receiving treatment for cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2021
This is an updated version of a Cochrane Review last published in 2013. Long-term central venous catheters (CVCs), including tunnelled CVCs (TCVCs) and totally implanted devices or ports (TIDs), are increasingly used when treating people with cancer. Desp
- Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Sep-2019
Surgery has been used as part of breast cancer treatment for centuries; however any surgical procedure has the potential risk of infection. Infection rates for surgical treatment of breast cancer are documented at between 3% and 15%, higher than average f
- Prophylactic cranial irradiation for preventing brain metastases in patients undergoing radical treatment for non-small cell lung cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Aug-2010
In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there is a relatively high incidence of brain metastases following radical treatment. At present, the role of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in this group of patients is not clear. This is an update of the or
- Prophylactic platelet transfusion for prevention of bleeding in patients with haematological disorders after chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2012
Platelet transfusions are used in modern clinical practice to prevent and treat bleeding in thrombocytopenic patients with bone marrow failure. Although considerable advances have been made in platelet transfusion therapy in the last 40 years, some areas
- Psychological interventions for women with metastatic breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jun-2013
Psychological symptoms are associated with metastatic breast cancer. This is the basis for exploring the impact of psychological interventions on psychosocial and survival outcomes. One early study appeared to show significant survival and psychological b
- Psychotherapy for depression among incurable cancer patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Nov-2018
The most common psychiatric diagnosis among cancer patients is depression; this diagnosis is even more common among patients with advanced cancer. Psychotherapy is a patient-preferred and promising strategy for treating depression among cancer patients. S
- Purine Antagonists for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2006
Recent trials suggest improved response rates for purine antagonists compared to alkylator-based regimens in the treatment of B-CLL. However, none was able to show a survival advantage.
- Quality of life after rectal resection for cancer, with or without permanent colostomy.
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2012
For almost one hundred years abdominoperineal excision has been the standard treatment of choice for rectal cancer. With advances in the techniques for rectal resection and anastomosis, anterior resection with preservation of the sphincter function has be
- Radical radiotherapy for stage I/II non-small cell lung cancer in patients not sufficiently fit for or declining surgery (medically inoperable)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Mar-2015
In general, surgery is believed to offer the best prospects for cure for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In spite of the intention to consider all patients with stage I-II disease for surgery, there are those who, although technically oper
