Showing 261-280 of 305 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Endocrine and nutrition 
- Techniques for preventing hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Oct-2010
Maternal hypotension, the most frequent complication of spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section, can be associated with severe nausea or vomiting which can pose serious risks to the mother (unconsciousness, pulmonary aspiration) and baby (hypoxia, acidos
- Testosterone for peri and postmenopausal women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-May-2010
The question of whether adding testosterone therapy to conventional postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) is effective or safe is unresolved. Therefore, we aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of testosterone therapy for postmenopausal women using HT.
- Thiamine for prevention and treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome in people who abuse alcohol
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jun-2013
Autopsy studies suggest that Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is not a rare disorder, particularly in individuals who abuse alcohol. Thiamine has been established as the treatment of choice for over 50 years, but uncertainty remains about appropriate dos
- Thyroid hormone replacement for subclinical hypothyroidism
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
Subclinical hypothyroidism is defined as an elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level with normal free thyroid hormones values. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism is 4% to 8% in the general population, and up to 15% to 18% in women
- Thyroid hormone supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants undergoing cardiac surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Feb-2008
Paediatric studies have demonstrated that cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with a decline in thyroid hormone levels. Adult patients who undergo open heart surgery and receive triiodothyronine supplementation have demonstrated a dose-dependent increase
- Thyroid hormones for preventing neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2009
Observational studies have shown an association between transiently low thyroid hormone levels in preterm infants in the first weeks of life (transient hypothyroxinemia) and abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome. Thyroid hormone therapy might prevent this m
- Topical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene replacement for cystic fibrosis-related lung disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Nov-2013
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a defective gene encoding a protein called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and is characterised by chronic lung infection resulting in inflammation and progressive lung damage that results in a
- Topical Vitamin A, or its derivatives, for treating and preventing napkin dermatitis in infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Mar-2009
Napkin dermatitis (nappy or diaper rash) is a non-specific term used to describe inflammatory eruptions (rashes) in the napkin area. Most infants develop napkin dermatitis at least once during their infancy. Topical vitamin A has been suggested as a treat
- Totally implantable vascular access devices for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2012
Totally implantable vascular access devices are widely used in people with cystic fibrosis to provide intermittent venous access for therapeutic infusions. Their use is associated with some complications such as thrombosis, embolism and infection.
- Traditional Chinese medicinal herbs for the treatment of idiopathic chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2009
Chronic fatigue is increasingly common. Conventional medical care is limited in treating chronic fatigue, leading some patients to use traditional Chinese medicine therapies, including herbal medicine.
- Treatment for mitochondrial disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2012
Mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders are the most prevalent group of inherited neurometabolic diseases. They present with central and peripheral neurological features usually in association with other organ involvement including the eye, the heart, t
- Treatment for periodic paralysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Apr-2008
Primary periodic paralyses are rare inherited muscle diseases characterised by episodes of flaccid weakness affecting one or more limbs, lasting several hours to several days, caused by mutations in skeletal muscle channel genes.
- Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Apr-2022
Glycaemic control is a key component in diabetes mellitus (diabetes) management. Periodontitis is the inflammation and destruction of the underlying supporting tissues of the teeth. Some studies have suggested a bidirectional relationship between glycaemi
- Tyrosine supplementation for phenylketonuria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-May-2013
Phenylketonuria is an inherited disease for which the main treatment is the dietary restriction of the amino acid phenylalanine. The diet has to be initiated in the neonatal period to prevent or reduce mental handicap. However, the diet is very restrictiv
- Ursodeoxycholic acid for cystic fibrosis-related liver disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Dec-2014
Abnormal biliary secretion leads to the thickening of bile and the formation of plugs within the bile ducts; the consequent obstruction and abnormal bile flow ultimately results in the development of cystic fibrosis-related liver disease. This condition p
- Vaccines for preventing infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Aug-2015
Chronic pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis results in progressive lung damage. Once colonisation of the lungs with Pseudomonas aeruginosa occurs, it is almost impossible to eradicate. Vaccines, aimed at reducing infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
- Vaccines for preventing influenza in people with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Feb-2014
Viral respiratory tract infections in people with cystic fibrosis have a deteriorating effect on their lung function and disease progression. Annual influenza vaccination is therefore commonly recommended for people with cystic fibrosis.
- Vaccines for women for preventing neonatal tetanus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jun-2015
Tetanus is an acute, often fatal, disease caused by an exotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani. It occurs in newborn infants born to mothers who do not have sufficient circulating antibodies to protect the infant passively, by transplacental transfer. Pre
- Very tight versus tight control for diabetes in pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Oct-2008
Pregnancies complicated by pre-existing insulin dependent diabetes are high risk for a number of poor pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.
- Vitamin A for non-measles pneumonia in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Sep-2010
Acute respiratory infections, mostly in the form of pneumonia, are the leading causes of death in children under five years of age in low-income countries. Some clinical trials have demonstrated that vitamin A supplementation reduces the severity of respi
