Showing 261-280 of 489 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Gastrointestinal 
- Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Aug-2014
Although corticosteroids are effective for induction of remission of Crohn's disease, many patients relapse when steroids are withdrawn or become steroid dependent. Furthermore, corticosteroids exhibit significant adverse effects. The success of methotrex
- Methotrexate for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Oct-2014
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Corticosteroids and 5-aminosalicylates are the most commonly used therapies. However, many patients require immunosuppressive therapy for steroid-refractory and steroid-dependent disease. Me
- Methotrexate for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Aug-2014
Safe and effective long-term treatments that reduce the need for corticosteroids are needed for Crohn's disease. Although purine antimetabolites are moderately effective for maintenance of remission patients often relapse despite treatment with these agen
- Methotrexate for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2015
Methotrexate, a folate antagonist, is an immunosuppressant drug that is effective for treating several inflammatory disorders including Crohn's disease. Ulcerative colitis, a related chronic inflammatory bowel disease, can be challenging to treat. T his u
- Methotrexate for primary biliary cirrhosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2010
Methotrexate has been used to treat patients with primary biliary cirrhosis as it possesses immunosuppressive properties. The previously prepared version of this review from 2005 showed that methotrexate seemed to significantly increase mortality in patie
- Metoclopramide for post‐pyloric placement of naso‐enteral feeding tubes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jan-2015
Enteral nutrition by feeding tube is a common and efficient method of providing nutritional support to prevent malnutrition in hospitalised patients who have adequate gastrointestinal function but who are unable to eat. Gastric feeding may be associated w
- Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver diseases
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2007
Alcohol and hepatotoxic viruses cause the majority of liver diseases. Randomised clinical trials have assessed whether extracts of milk thistle, Silybum marianum (L) Gaertneri, have any effect in patients with alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver
- Miniports versus standard ports for laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Aug-2013
In conventional (standard) port laparoscopic cholecystectomy, four abdominal ports (two of 10 mm diameter and two of 5 mm diameter) are used. Recently, use of smaller ports, miniports, have been reported.
- Momordica charantia for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2013
Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) is not only a nutritious vegetable but it is also used in traditional medical practices to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Experimental studies with animals and humans suggested that the vegetable has a possible role in
- Multi‐nutrient fortification of human milk for preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Jun-2020
Human breast milk-fed preterm infants can accumulate nutrient deficits leading to extrauterine growth restriction. Feeding preterm infants with multi-nutrient fortified human milk could increase nutrient accretion and growth rates and improve neurodevelop
- Mu‐opioid antagonists for opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction in people with cancer and people receiving palliative care
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jun-2018
Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OIBD) is characterised by constipation, incomplete evacuation, bloating, and gastric reflux. It is one of the major adverse events of treatment for pain in cancer and in palliative care, resulting in increased morbidity a
- Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Aug-2018
This systematic review update summarizes the current evidence on the use of natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (CD).
- Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2009
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a disease of great concern. Surgery is the treatment of choice, but there is still a high recurrence rate after resection.
- Neuraminidase inhibitors for the treatment of influenza infection in people with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Feb-2016
Cystic fibrosis is the most common, life-threatening, recessively inherited disease of Caucasian populations. It is a multisystem disorder caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein which is i
- Nitrates for achalasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jan-2004
Achalasia is a disease that impairs oesophageal motility. Although nitrates have been used to treat achalasia for a long time, the effectiveness of nitrates for achalasia is still controversial. Newer therapies have to some extent superceded the use of ni
- Nitrous Oxide for Colonoscopy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jun-2011
Colonoscopy is the gold standard investigation for large bowel disease. With the increase in demand, pressure is on clinics to shorten lengths of time per procedure in addition to maintaining high levels of patient safety. Analgesia has always been the ma
- Non surgical therapy for anal fissure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
Because of the disability associated with surgery for anal fissure and the risk of incontinence, medical alternatives for surgery have been sought. Most recently, pharmacologic methods that relax the anal smooth muscle, to accomplish reversibly what occur
- Non‐absorbable disaccharides versus placebo/no intervention and lactulose versus lactitol for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-May-2016
Non-absorbable disaccharides (lactulose and lactitol) are recommended as first-line treatment for hepatic encephalopathy. The previous (second) version of this review included 10 randomised clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating non-absorbable disaccharides ve
- Non‐pharmacological therapies for dysphagia in Parkinson's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2001
Dysphagia occurs frequently in Parkinson's disease although patients themselves may be unaware of swallowing difficulties. Speech and language therapists in conjunction with nurses and dietitians use techniques that aim to improve swallowing and reduce th
- Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and aspirin for preventing colorectal adenomas and carcinomas
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2004
There is evidence from experimental animals studies, prospective and retrospective observational studies that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) may reduce the development of sporadic colorectal adenomas (CRAs) and cancer (CRC) and may induce t
