Showing 261-280 of 8668 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists for the prevention of shivering following general anaesthesia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Aug-2015
Shivering after general anaesthesia is common. It is unpleasant but can also have adverse physiological effects. Alpha-2 (a-2) adrenergic agonist receptors, which can lead to reduced sympathetic activity and central regulation of vasoconstrictor tone, are
- Alpha‐2 agonists for long‐term sedation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jan-2015
Sedation reduces patient levels of anxiety and stress, facilitates the delivery of care and ensures safety. Alpha-2 agonists have a range of effects including sedation, analgesia and antianxiety. They sedate, but allow staff to interact with patients and
- Alpha2‐adrenergic agonists for the management of opioid withdrawal
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-May-2016
Withdrawal is a necessary step prior to drug-free treatment or as the endpoint of long-term substitution treatment.
- Alpha‐blockers after shock wave lithotripsy for renal or ureteral stones in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2020
Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is a widely used method to treat renal and ureteral stone. It fragments stones into smaller pieces that are then able to pass spontaneously down the ureter and into the bladder. Alpha-blockers may assist in promoting the passa
- Alpha‐blockers as medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Apr-2018
Ureteral colic is a common reason for patients to seek medical care. Alpha-blockers are commonly used to improve stone passage through so-called medical expulsive therapy (MET), but their effectiveness remains controversial. This is an update of a 2014 Co
- Alpha‐foetoprotein and/or liver ultrasonography for screening of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is a risk factor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Alpha-foetoprotein and liver ultrasonography are used to screen patients with chronic hepatitis B for hepatocellular carcinoma. It is uncertain whether scree
- Alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Dec-2018
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI) reduce blood glucose levels and may thus prevent or delay type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated complications in people at risk of developing of T2DM.
- Alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2005
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose or miglitol, have the potential to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The true value of these agents, especially in relation to diabetes related mortality and morbidity, has never been inves
- Alprazolam for depression
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-May-2012
The 'off-label' effect of alprazolam on depression has not been systematically evaluated.
- Alprazolam for essential tremor
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Dec-2015
Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders. Treatment is based primarily on pharmacological agents. On this basis, although primidone and propranolol are well-established treatments in clinical practice, they could be ineffective i
- Altered dietary salt for preventing pre-eclampsia, and its complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2012
In the past, women have been advised that lowering their salt intake might reduce their risk of developing pre-eclampsia. Although this practice has largely ceased, it remains important to assess the evidence about possible effects of altered dietary salt
- Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jun-2021
Evidence indicates that reducing dietary salt may reduce the incidence of heart disease and delay decline in kidney function in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This is an update of a review first published in 2015.
- Altered dietary salt intake for preventing and treating diabetic kidney disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2010
There is strong evidence that our current consumption of salt is a major factor for increased blood pressure (BP) and a modest reduction in salt intake lowers BP whether BP levels are normal or raised. Tight control of BP in diabetics lowers the risk of s
- Altering the availability or proximity of food, alcohol, and tobacco products to change their selection and consumption
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Sep-2019
Overconsumption of food, alcohol, and tobacco products increases the risk of non-communicable diseases. Interventions to change characteristics of physical micro-environments where people may select or consume these products - including shops, restaurants
- Alternating current cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) for depression
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jul-2014
Depression is a mood disorder with a prevalence of approximately 1% to 3% worldwide, representing the fourth leading cause of disease burden globally. The current standard treatments of psychological therapy and antidepressant medications are not effectiv
- Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces for preventing pressure ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-May-2021
Pressure ulcers (also known as pressure injuries, pressure sores, decubitus ulcers and bed sores) are localised injuries to the skin or underlying soft tissue, or both, caused by unrelieved pressure, shear or friction. Alternating pressure (active) air su
- Alternative agents to prophylactic platelet transfusion for preventing bleeding in people with thrombocytopenia due to chronic bone marrow failure: a meta‐analysis and systematic review
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Oct-2016
People with thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow failure are vulnerable to bleeding. Platelet transfusions have limited efficacy in this setting and alternative agents that could replace, or reduce platelet transfusion, and are effective at reducing bleedi
- Alternative injectable materials for vocal fold medialisation in unilateral vocal fold paralysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Sep-2012
Patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) usually present with dysphonia, but can also be breathless and have problems with their swallowing. Speech and language therapy forms the initial mainstay of management in cases of UVFP, since up to 60%
- Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Dec-2015
The pure soybean oil based lipid emulsions (S-LE) conventionally used for parenteral nutrition (PN) in preterm infants have high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content. The newer lipid emulsions (LE) from alternative lipid sources with reduced PUFA con
- Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Mar-2011
Magnesium sulphate remains the drug of choice for both prevention and treatment of women with eclampsia. Regimens for administration of this drug have evolved over the years, but have not yet been formally evaluated.
