Showing 2861-2880 of 7110 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Impact of morphine, fentanyl, oxycodone or codeine on patient consciousness, appetite and thirst when used to treat cancer pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-May-2014
There is increasing focus on providing high quality care for people at the end of life, irrespective of disease or cause, and in all settings. In the last ten years the use of care pathways to aid those treating patients at the end of life has become comm
- Impact of residual disease as a prognostic factor for survival in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer after primary surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Sep-2022
Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer among women and a leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancies. Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common type, accounting for around 90% of all ovarian cancers. This specific type of ovarian
- Impact of tobacco advertising and promotion on increasing adolescent smoking behaviours
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Sep-2011
The tobacco industry denies that their marketing is targeted at young nonsmokers, but it seems more probable that tobacco advertising and promotion influences the attitudes of nonsmoking adolescents, and makes them more likely to try smoking.
- Impact of tuberculosis preventive therapy on tuberculosis and mortality in HIV-infected children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2009
Children with HIV are at an increased risk of acquiring TB. Tuberculosis is a common cause of acute and chronic respiratory disease and death in HIV-infected children living in areas of high TB prevalence. Even with treatment, HIV-infected children with T
- Implantable defibrillators versus medical therapy for cardiac channelopathies
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Sep-2015
Sudden cardiac death is a significant cause of mortality in both the US and globally. However, 5% to 15% of people with sudden cardiac death have no structural abnormalities, and most of these events are attributed to underlying cardiac ion channelopathie
- Implementation of treatment guidelines for specialist mental health care
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jan-2014
A huge gap exists between the production of evidence and its take-up in clinical practice settings. To fill this gap, treatment guidelines, based on explicit assessments of the evidence base, are commonly employed in several fields of medicine, including
- In vitro fertilisation for unexplained subfertility
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Nov-2015
One-third of subfertile couples have no identifiable cause for their inability to conceive. In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a widely accepted treatment for this condition; however, this treatment is invasive and expensive and is associated with risks.
- In vitro fertilisation versus tubal reanastomosis (sterilisation reversal) for subfertility after tubal sterilisation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Nov-2009
Tubal sterilisation is the most popular contraceptive method in the world. Approximately 138 million women of reproductive age have had tubal sterilisation and there is evidence that increasingly younger women are being sterilized. With such large numbers
- In vitro maturation in subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome undergoing assisted reproduction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Sep-2013
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) occurs in 4% to 7% of all women of reproductive age and 50% of women presenting with subfertility. Subfertility affects 15% to 20% of couples trying to conceive. A significant proportion of these women ultimately need as
- Incentive spirometry for preventing pulmonary complications after coronary artery bypass graft
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2012
Incentive spirometry (IS) is a treatment technique that uses a mechanical device to reduce pulmonary complications during postoperative care. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2007.
- Incentive spirometry for prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications in upper abdominal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Feb-2014
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in The Cochrane Library 2008, Issue 3.
- Incentives and enablers to improve adherence in tuberculosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Sep-2015
Patient adherence to medications, particularly for conditions requiring prolonged treatment such as tuberculosis (TB), is frequently less than ideal and can result in poor treatment outcomes. Material incentives to reward good behaviour and enablers to re
- Incentives for increasing prenatal care use by women in order to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Nov-2015
Prenatal care is recommended during pregnancy as a method to improve neonatal and maternal outcomes. Improving the use of prenatal care is important, particularly for women at moderate to high risk of adverse outcomes. Incentives are sometimes utilized to
- Incentives for preventing smoking in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Aug-2012
Adult smoking usually has its roots in adolescence. If individuals do not take up smoking during this period it is unlikely that they ever will. Further, once smoking becomes established, cessation is challenging; the probability of subsequently quitting
- Incentives for smoking cessation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-May-2015
Material or financial incentives are widely used in an attempt to precipitate or reinforce behaviour change, including smoking cessation. They operate in workplaces, in clinics and hospitals, and to a lesser extent within community programmes. In this thi
- Incision and drainage of perianal abscess with or without treatment of anal fistula
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jun-2010
The perianal abscess is a common surgical problem. A third of perianal abscesses may manifest a fistula-in-ano which increases the risk of abscess recurrence requiring repeat surgical drainage. Treating the fistula at the same time as incision and drainag
- Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-May-2013
There is increasing evidence that high consumption of fruit and vegetables is beneficial for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention.
- Increased energy intake for preterm infants with (or developing) bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-May-2013
Preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)/chronic lung disease (CLD) have nutritional deficits that may contribute to short and long term morbidity and mortality. Increasing the daily energy intake for these infants may improve their respirato
- Increased police patrols for preventing alcohol-impaired driving
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
Road traffic injuries cause 1.2 million deaths worldwide each year. Alcohol consumption increases the risk of traffic crashes, especially fatal crashes. Increased police patrols aim to increase both the perceived and actual likelihood of being caught driv
- Increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Sep-2022
People with asthma may experience exacerbations, or 'attacks', during which their symptoms worsen and additional treatment is required. Written action plans sometimes advocate a short-term increase in the dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) at the first
