Showing 281-300 of 508 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Infectious disease 
- Interventions for treating tuberculous pericarditis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Sep-2017
Tuberculous pericarditis can impair the heart's function and cause death; long term, it can cause the membrane to fibrose and constrict causing heart failure. In addition to antituberculous chemotherapy, treatments include corticosteroids, drainage, and s
- Interventions for trichomoniasis in pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2011
Vaginitis due to Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common of sexually transmitted diseases. Trichomoniasis affects women during pregnancy as well but it is not clearly established whether it causes preterm birth and other pregnancy complications.
- Interventions to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy in children with HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2011
Achieving and maintaining high levels of medication adherence are required to achieve the full benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART), yet suboptimal adherence among children is common in both developed and developing countries.
- Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Feb-2017
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health problem. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are associated with prolonged hospital stay and death compared with infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Appropriate antibiotic use in hospital
- Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices in ambulatory care
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2005
The development of resistance to antibiotics by many important human pathogens has been linked to exposure to antibiotics over time. The misuse of antibiotics for viral infections (for which they are of no value) and the excessive use of broad spectrum an
- Interventions to improve professional adherence to guidelines for prevention of device-related infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Mar-2013
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a major threat to patient safety, and are associated with mortality rates varying from 5% to 35%. Important risk factors associated with HAIs are the use of invasive medical devices (e.g. central lines, urinary
- Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2015
Diarrhoea is a major cause of death and disease, especially among young children in low-income countries. In these settings, many infectious agents associated with diarrhoea are spread through water contaminated with faeces.
- Interventions to modify sexual risk behaviours for preventing HIV in homeless youth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Dec-2010
Homeless youth are at high risk for HIV infection as a consequence of risky sexual behaviour. Interventions for homeless youth are challenging. Assessment of the effectiveness of interventions to modify sexual risk behaviours for preventing HIV in homeles
- Interventions to reduce risky sexual behaviour for preventing HIV infection in workers in occupational settings
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2011
The workplace provides an important avenue to prevent HIV.
- Intramuscular arteether for treating severe malaria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2004
Quinine and artemisinin drugs are used in severe malaria, but quinine resistance is increasing. Arteether is a recently developed artemisinin derivative that is oil soluble, has a long elimination half life, and is more stable than other derivatives.
- Intranasal ipratropium bromide for the common cold
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jun-2013
The common cold is one of the most common illnesses in humans and constitutes an economic burden both in terms of productivity and expenditure for treatment. There is no proven cure for the common cold and symptomatic relief is the mainstay of treatment.
- Intranasal steroids for acute sinusitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Dec-2013
Acute sinusitis is a common reason for primary care visits. It causes significant symptoms and often results in time off work and school.
- Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult parapneumonic effusions and empyema
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Oct-2019
Pleural infection, including parapneumonic effusions and thoracic empyema, may complicate lower respiratory tract infections. Standard treatment of these collections in adults involves antibiotic therapy, effective drainage of infected fluid and surgical
- Intrarectal quinine versus intravenous or intramuscular quinine for treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2009
In children with falciparum malaria, a proprietary quinine preparation (adjusted to make it less acidic) administered rectally may be easier to use and less painful than intramuscular or intravenous administration. However, rectal quinine may be less effe
- Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Sep-2013
Mortality from sepsis and septic shock remains high. Results of trials on intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) as adjunctive therapy for sepsis have been conflicting. This is an update of a Cochrane review that was originally published in 1999 and updated i
- Intravenous in‐line filters for preventing morbidity and mortality in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Aug-2015
Venous access is an essential part of caring for the sick neonate. However, problems such as contamination of fluids with bacteria, endotoxins and particulates have been associated with intravenous infusion therapy. Intravenous in-line filters claim to be
- Intraventricular antibiotics for bacterial meningitis in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jul-2012
Neonatal meningitis may be caused by bacteria, especially gram-negative bacteria, which are difficult to eradicate from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using safe doses of antibiotics. In theory, intraventricular administration of antibiotics would produce
- Iron‐chelating agents for treating malaria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2003
It is still unclear whether iron-chelating agents, such as intravenous desferrioxamine (DFO) and oral deferiprone, given alone or added to standard antimalarial treatment would reduce malaria deaths.
- Isoniazid for preventing tuberculosis in non‐HIV infected persons
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jan-1999
Although isoniazid (INH) is commonly used for treating tuberculosis (TB), it is also effective as preventive therapy.
- Ivermectin for onchocercal eye disease (river blindness)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Aug-2012
It is believed that ivermectin (a microfilaricide) could prevent blindness due to onchocerciasis. However, when given to everyone in communities where onchocerciasis is common, the effects of ivermectin on lesions affecting the eye are uncertain and data
