Showing 281-300 of 409 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Signs and symptoms 
- Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2018
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is the most commonly used physical therapy treatment for women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). It is sometimes also recommended for mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) and, less commonly, urgency urinary incontinen
- Penicillin for secondary prevention of rheumatic fever
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2002
People with a history of rheumatic fever are at high risk of recurrent attacks of rheumatic fever and developing rheumatic heart disease following a streptococcal throat infection. Giving penicillin to these people can prevent recurrent attacks of rheumat
- Pharmacological interventions for recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in childhood
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2014
Between 4% and 25% of school-age children complain of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) of sufficient severity to interfere with daily activities. For the majority, no organic cause for their pain can be found on physical examination or investigation and alt
- Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of allergic and febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jul-2010
Allergic and febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions (NHTRs) are the two most common forms of transfusion reaction. Pretransfusion medication with anti-inflammatory drugs is used in NHTR prevention, however its efficacy and safety remains unclear.
- Pharmacological treatment for aphasia following stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2001
Aphasia describes language impairment associated with a brain lesion.
- Pharmacological treatments for psychosis‐related polydipsia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2006
Polydipsia is the intake of more than three litres of fluids per day. Primary polydipsia occurs when excessive drinking cannot be explained by an identified medical condition, and is not secondary to polyuria. The prevalence of this problem in psychiatric
- Pharmacotherapy for patellofemoral pain syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2004
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is common among adolescents and young adults. It is characterised by pain behind or around the patella and crepitations, provoked by ascending or descending stairs, squatting, prolonged sitting with flexed knees, runnin
- Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jul-2019
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2001, and last updated in 2013. This review is one in a series of Cochrane Reviews investigating pair-wise monotherapy comparisons.
- Physical conditioning as part of a return to work strategy to reduce sickness absence for workers with back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Aug-2013
Physical conditioning as part of a return to work strategy aims to improve work status for workers on sick leave due to back pain. This is the second update of a Cochrane Review (originally titled 'Work conditioning, work hardening and functional restorat
- Physical fitness training for stroke patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Mar-2020
Levels of physical activity and physical fitness are low after stroke. Interventions to increase physical fitness could reduce mortality and reduce disability through increased function.
- Physical methods versus drug placebo or no treatment for managing fever in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Feb-2009
Health workers recommend bathing, sponging, and other physical methods to treat fever in children and to avoid febrile convulsions. We know little about the most effective methods or how these methods compare with commonly used drugs.
- Physical training for asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Sep-2013
People with asthma may show less tolerance to exercise due to worsening asthma symptoms during exercise or other reasons such as deconditioning as a consequence of inactivity. Some may restrict activities as per medical advice or family influence and this
- Physiotherapy interventions for shoulder pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2003
The prevalence of shoulder disorders has been reported to range from seven to 36% of the population (Lundberg 1969) accounting for 1.2% of all General Practitioner encounters in Australia (Bridges Webb 1992). Substantial disability and significant morbidi
- Physiotherapy versus placebo or no intervention in Parkinson's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Sep-2013
Despite medical therapies and surgical interventions for Parkinson's disease (PD), patients develop progressive disability. Physiotherapy aims to maximise functional ability and minimise secondary complications through movement rehabilitation within a con
- Physostigmine for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2001
The main pharmacological approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been based on the use of agents potentiating cholinergic transmission, particularly by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme that destroys acetylcholine after
- Plugs for containing faecal incontinence
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jul-2015
Faecal incontinence is a distressing disorder with high social stigma. Not all people with faecal incontinence can be cured with conservative or surgical treatment and they may need to rely on containment products, such as anal plugs.
- Pneumococcal vaccination during pregnancy for preventing infant infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2015
Approximately 450,000 children worldwide die of pneumococcal infections each year. The development of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials adds to the difficulty of treatment of diseases and emphasizes the need for a preventive approach. Newborn vaccina
- Posterior versus lateral surgical approach for total hip arthroplasty in adults with osteoarthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2006
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip is a progressive condition that has no cure and often requires a total hip arthroplasty (THA). The principal methods for THA are the posterior and direct lateral approaches. The posterior approach is considered to be easy to
- Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jul-2019
Epilepsy is a common neurological disease that affects approximately 1% of the UK population. Approximately one-third of these people continue to have seizures despite drug treatment. Pregabalin is one of the newer antiepileptic drugs which have been deve
- Preoperative education for hip or knee replacement
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2014
Hip or knee replacement is a major surgical procedure that can be physically and psychologically stressful for patients. It is hypothesised that education before surgery reduces anxiety and enhances clinically important postoperative outcomes.
