Showing 2981-3000 of 7110 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Institutional versus at-home long term care for functionally dependent older people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
An increasing number of functionally dependent older people require care and medical treatment. Increasingly governments are shifting resources into community care expecting both reduction in costs and improvement in the quality of care. However, it is di
- Instruments for assessing readiness to commence suck feeds in preterm infants: effects on time to establish full oral feeding and duration of hospitalisation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Mar-2012
One of the most challenging milestones for preterm infants is the acquisition of safe and efficient feeding skills. The majority of healthy full term infants are born with skills to coordinate their suck, swallow and respiration. However, this is not the
- Instruments for assisted vaginal birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Sep-2021
Assisted vaginal births are carried out to expedite birth for the benefit of mothers and babies but are sometimes associated with significant morbidity for both. Various instruments are available, broadly divided into forceps and vacuum cups, and choice m
- Instruments for chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Nov-2012
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is the method of choice for obtaining fetal tissue for prenatal diagnosis before 15 weeks of pregnancy. CVS can be performed using either a transabdominal or transcervical approach. The type of instrument and technique used
- Insulin and oral agents for managing cystic fibrosis-related diabetes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jul-2013
The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation recommends both short-term and long-acting insulin therapy when cystic fibrosis-related diabetes has been diagnosed. Diagnosis is based on: an elevated fasting blood glucose level greater than 6.94 mmol/liter (125 mg/decilit
- Insulin detemir versus insulin glargine for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jun-2011
Chronically elevated blood glucose levels are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Many diabetes patients will eventually require insulin treatment to maintain good glycaemic control. There are still uncertainties about the optimal insulin
- Insulin for glycaemic control in acute ischaemic stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2014
People with hyperglycaemia concomitant with an acute stroke have greater mortality, stroke severity, and functional impairment when compared with those with normoglycaemia at stroke presentation. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2
- Insulin monotherapy versus combinations of insulin with oral hypoglycaemic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Oct-2008
It is unclear whether patients with type 2 diabetes who have poor glycaemic control despite maximal oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) should be commenced on insulin as monotherapy, or insulin combined with oral hypoglycaemic agents (insulin-OHA combination
- Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2012
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterised by infrequent or absent ovulation (anovulation), high levels of male hormones (hyperandrogenaemia) and high levels of insulin (hyperinsulinaemia secondary to increased insulin resistance). Hyperinsulinaemi
- Insulin-sensitising drugs versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne and risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer in polycystic ovary syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Sep-2010
Insulin-sensitizing drugs (ISDs) have recently been advocated as possibly a safer and more effective long-term treatment than the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It is important to directly compare the efficac
- Integrated disease management interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Oct-2013
In people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) there is considerable variation in symptoms, limitations and well-being, which often complicates medical care. To improve quality of life (QoL) and exercise tolerance, while reducing the number o
- Integrating prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programmes with other health services for preventing HIV infection and improving HIV outcomes in developing countries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-May-2011
Every year nearly 400,000 children are infected with HIV through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), which is responsible for more than 90% of HIV infections in children. In high-income countries, the MTCT rate is less than 1% through perinatal preventio
- Integration of HIV/AIDS services with maternal, neonatal and child health, nutrition, and family planning services
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
The integration of HIV/AIDS and maternal, neonatal, child health and nutrition services (MNCHN), including family planning (FP) is recognized as a key strategy to reduce maternal and child mortality and control the HIV/AIDS epidemic. However, limited evid
- Intensity of exercise for the treatment of osteoarthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jan-2013
Therapeutic exercise is used as one modality to treat people with osteoarthritis (OA).
- Intensive case management for severe mental illness
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2011
Intensive Case Management (ICM) is a community based package of care, aiming to provide long term care for severely mentally ill people who do not require immediate admission. ICM evolved from two original community models of care, Assertive Community Tre
- Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Feb-2014
Clinical guidelines differ regarding their recommended blood glucose targets for patients with type 1 diabetes and recent studies on patients with type 2 diabetes suggest that aiming at very low targets can increase the risk of mortality.
- Intensive versus conventional glycaemic control for treating diabetic foot ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jan-2016
The estimated likelihood of lower limb amputation is 10 to 30 times higher amongst people with diabetes compared to those without diabetes. Of all non-traumatic amputations in people with diabetes, 85% are preceded by a foot ulcer. Foot ulceration associa
- Interactive computer-based interventions for sexual health promotion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2010
Sexual health promotion is a major public health challenge; there is huge potential for health promotion via technology such as the Internet.
- Interactive computer-based interventions for weight loss or weight maintenance in overweight or obese people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Jun-2012
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the number of obese or overweight individuals worldwide will increase to 1.5 billion by 2015. Chronic diseases associated with overweight or obesity include diabetes, heart disease, hypertension and strok
- Interactive Health Communication Applications for people with chronic disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Oct-2008
Interactive Health Communication Applications (IHCAs) are computer-based, usually web-based, information packages for patients that combine health information with at least one of social support, decision support, or behaviour change support. These are in
