Showing 301-320 of 489 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Gastrointestinal 
- Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Oct-2015
Corticosteroids are first-line therapy for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis. Although corticosteroids may improve symptoms, they have significant adverse effects. Steroids which act topically, with less systemic side-effects may be more desira
- Oral immunoglobulin for the prevention of rotavirus infection in low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2011
Rotavirus is a common neonatal nosocomial viral infection and epidemics with the newer P(6)G9 strains have been reported. Local mucosal immunity in the intestine to rotavirus is important in the resolution of infection and protection against subsequent in
- Oral immunoglobulin for the treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Oct-2011
Rotavirus infection is the most common neonatal nosocomial viral infection. It is a major health problem worldwide. Epidemics with the newer P(6)G9 strains have been reported in neonatal units globally. These strains can cause severe symptoms in most infe
- Oral rehydration salt solution for treating cholera: ≤ 270 mOsm/L solutions vs ≥ 310 mOsm/L solutions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Dec-2011
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is used to treat the dehydration caused by diarrhoeal diseases, including cholera. ORS formulations with an osmolarity (a measure of solute concentration) of = 270 mOsm/L (ORS = 270) are safe and more effective than ORS for
- Oral traditional Chinese medication for adhesive small bowel obstruction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Apr-2012
Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is one of the most common emergent complications of general surgery. Intra-abdominal adhesions are the leading cause of SBO. Because surgery can induce new adhesions, non-operative management is preferred in the absence of si
- Oral versus intravenous rehydration for treating dehydration due to gastroenteritis in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2006
Dehydration associated with gastroenteritis is a serious complication. Oral rehydration is an effective and inexpensive treatment, but some physicians prefer intravenous methods.
- Oral water soluble contrast for the management of adhesive small bowel obstruction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2008
Adhesions are the leading cause of small bowel obstruction. Gastrografin transit time may allow for the selection of appropriate patients for non-operative management. Some studies have shown when the contrast does not reach the colon after a designated t
- Orthodontic and orthopaedic treatment for anterior open bite in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2014
Anterior open bite occurs when there is a lack of vertical overlap of the upper and lower incisors. The aetiology is multifactorial including: oral habits, unfavourable growth patterns, enlarged lymphatic tissue with mouth breathing. Several treatments ha
- Orthodontic treatment for deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Feb-2018
A Class II division 2 malocclusion is characterised by upper front teeth that are retroclined (tilted toward the roof of the mouth) and an increased overbite (deep overbite), which can cause oral problems and may affect appearance.
- Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Dec-2021
A posterior crossbite occurs when the top back teeth bite inside the bottom back teeth. The prevalence of posterior crossbite is around 4% and 17% of children and adolescents in Europe and America, respectively. Several treatments have been recommended to
- Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Mar-2018
Prominent upper front teeth are a common problem affecting about a quarter of 12-year-old children in the UK. The condition develops when permanent teeth erupt. These teeth are more likely to be injured and their appearance can cause significant distress.
- Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Aug-2016
Constipation within childhood is an extremely common problem. Despite the widespread use of osmotic and stimulant laxatives by health professionals to manage constipation in children, there has been a long standing paucity of high quality evidence to supp
- Ozone therapy for the treatment of dental caries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Feb-2019
Dental caries is a bacterially mediated disease characterised by demineralisation of the tooth surface, which may lead to cavitation, discomfort, pain and eventual tooth loss. Ozone is toxic to certain bacteria in vitro and it has been suggested that deli
- Palliative biliary stents for obstructing pancreatic carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2006
Palliative endoscopic stents or surgical by-pass are often required for inoperable pancreatic carcinoma to relieve obstruction of the distal biliary tree. The optimal method of intervention remains unknown.
- Palliative chemotherapy for advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2000
Despite the increasing use of palliative chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer, there remains uncertainty as to the true effectiveness of this intervention. This review was therefore undertaken to assess the available evidence for the benefit of pal
- Palliative surgery versus medical management for bowel obstruction in ovarian cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Sep-2016
Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer among women and is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Bowel obstruction is a common feature of advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer. Patients with bowel obstruction are generally in poor physical conditi
- Pancreatic enzymes for chronic pancreatitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2009
The efficacy of pancreatic enzymes in reducing pain and improving steatorrhoea is debatable and the evidence base for their utility needs to be determined.
- Paracetamol for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Feb-2014
Paracetamol has been commonly used for the relief of postoperative pain following oral surgery. In this review we investigated the optimal dose of paracetamol and the optimal time for drug administration to provide pain relief, taking into account the sid
- Pentoxifylline for alcoholic hepatitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2009
Alcoholic hepatitis is a life-threatening disease, with an average mortality of approximately 40%. There is no widely accepted, effective treatment for alcoholic hepatitis. Pentoxifylline is used to treat alcoholic hepatitis, but there has been no systema
- Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus nasogastric tube feeding for adults with swallowing disturbances
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-May-2015
A number of conditions compromise the passage of food along the digestive tract. Nasogastric tube (NGT) feeding is a classic, time-proven technique, although its prolonged use can lead to complications such as lesions to the nasal wing, chronic sinusitis,
