Showing 301-320 of 419 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Perinatal and infant 
- Preoxygenation for tracheal suctioning in intubated, ventilated newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2001
Endotracheal suctioning for mechanically ventilated infants is routine practice in neonatal intensive care. However, this practice is associated with serious complications including lobar collapse, pneumothorax, bradycardia and hypoxaemia. Increasing the
- Prevention of recurrent miscarriage for women with antiphospholipid antibody or lupus anticoagulant
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2005
A range of treatments have been proposed to improve pregnancy outcome in recurrent pregnancy loss associated with antiphospholipid antibody (APL). Small studies have not resolved uncertainty about benefits and risks.
- Probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2007
The composition of the intestinal microflora may be different in individuals with atopic eczema from those without this condition, and such differences may precede the development of eczema. Probiotics are live bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal
- Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Oct-2020
Intestinal dysbiosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in very preterm or very low birth weight infants. Dietary supplementation with probiotics to modulate the intestinal microbiome has been proposed as a strategy to r
- Progestogen for preventing miscarriage in women with recurrent miscarriage of unclear etiology
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Nov-2019
Progesterone, a female sex hormone, is known to induce secretory changes in the lining of the uterus essential for successful implantation of a fertilized egg. It has been suggested that a causative factor in many cases of miscarriage may be inadequate se
- Prolonged versus short course of indomethacin for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2007
Indomethacin is a prostaglandin inhibitor used to treat patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants. Although indomethacin produces ductal closure in the majority of cases, it is ineffective in up to 40% of patients. Furthermore, the ductus will re-
- Prophylactic animal derived surfactant extract for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-1997
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant. A variety of animal derived surfactant extracts have been formulated and given to infants at risk of developing RDS.
- Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with umbilical artery catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jan-2011
Umbilical artery catheters are often used in unwell neonates. Infection related to the use of these catheters may cause significant morbidity and mortality. The use of prophylactic antibiotics has been advocated for all newborns with umbilical artery cath
- Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with umbilical venous catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jan-2011
Umbilical venous catheters (UVCs) are often used in ill neonates. Infection related to the use of these catheters may cause significant morbidity and mortality. The use of prophylactic antibiotics has been advocated for newborns with umbilical venous cath
- Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in newborn infants with intercostal catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Mar-2012
Intercostal catheters are commonly used for the drainage of intrathoracic collections in newborn infants, including pneumothorax and pleural effusions. Placement of an intercostal drain is a potential risk factor for nosocomial infection due to breach of
- Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in ventilated newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jul-2007
Intubation is associated with bacterial colonisation of the respiratory tract and therefore may increase the risk of acquiring an infection. The infection may prolong the need for mechanical ventilation and increase the risk of chronic lung disease. The u
- Prophylactic barbiturate use for the prevention of morbidity and mortality following perinatal asphyxia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2016
Seizures are common following perinatal asphyxia and may exacerbate secondary neuronal injury. Barbiturate therapy has been used for infants with perinatal asphyxia in order to prevent seizures. However, barbiturate therapy may adversely affect neurodevel
- Prophylactic caffeine to prevent postoperative apnoea following general anaesthesia in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2001
Growing ex-preterm infants who undergo general anaesthesia for surgery at about term-equivalent age may have episodes of apnoea, cyanosis and bradycardia during the early postoperative period. A breathing stimulant such as caffeine given at the time of op
- Prophylactic doxapram for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants undergoing endotracheal extubation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jul-2000
When preterm infants have been given intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) for respiratory failure, weaning from support and tracheal extubation may be difficult. A significant contributing factor is thought to be the relatively poor respirato
- Prophylactic intravenous indomethacin for preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jul-2010
Persistent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors such as indomethacin promote PDA closure but also have potential side effects. The effect of the prophylactic use
- Prophylactic methylxanthine for prevention of apnoea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Dec-2010
Recurrent apnoea is common in preterm infants. These episodes can lead to hypoxaemia and bradycardia, which may be severe enough to require the use of positive pressure ventilation. In infants with apnoea, methylxanthine treatment has been used successful
- Prophylactic methylxanthines for endotracheal extubation in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2013
Weaning and extubating preterm infants on intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) for respiratory failure may be difficult. A significant contributing factor is thought to be the relatively poor respiratory drive and tendency to develop hypercar
- Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2021
Cohort studies have suggested that nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) starting in the immediate postnatal period before the onset of respiratory disease (prophylactic CPAP) may be beneficial in reducing the need for intubation and intermitte
- Prophylactic oral betamimetics for reducing preterm birth in women with a twin pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Dec-2015
Twin pregnancies are associated with a high risk of neonatal mortality and morbidity due to an increased rate of preterm birth. Betamimetics can decrease contraction frequency or delay preterm birth in singleton pregnancies by 24 to 48 hours. The efficacy
- Prophylactic oral/topical non‐absorbed antifungal agents to prevent invasive fungal infection in very low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Oct-2015
Invasive fungal infection is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in very preterm or very low birth weight infants. Uncertainty exists about the effect of prophylactic oral/topical non-absorbed antifungals to reduce mucocutaneous colonisation and
