Showing 301-320 of 409 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Signs and symptoms 
- Pre-operative traction for hip fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Oct-2011
Following a hip fracture, traction may be applied to the injured limb before surgery. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 1997, and previously updated in 2006.
- Preoxygenation for tracheal suctioning in intubated, ventilated newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2001
Endotracheal suctioning for mechanically ventilated infants is routine practice in neonatal intensive care. However, this practice is associated with serious complications including lobar collapse, pneumothorax, bradycardia and hypoxaemia. Increasing the
- Prescription of prosthetic ankle‐foot mechanisms after lower limb amputation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jan-2004
A prosthesis can be divided into several components: the prosthetic socket; the prosthetic ankle-foot mechanism; and for higher levels of amputation, the prosthetic knee. This review focuses on the prosthetic ankle-foot mechanism, which forms an important
- Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic‐associated diarrhea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Apr-2019
Antibiotics alter the microbial balance commonly resulting in antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Probiotics may prevent AAD via providing gut barrier, restoration of the gut microflora, and other potential mechanisms of action.
- Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Dec-2020
Probiotics may be effective in reducing the duration of acute infectious diarrhoea.
- Probiotics for treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated colitis in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2008
Probiotics are live microorganisms consisting of non-pathogenic yeast and bacteria that are believed to restore the microbial balance of the gastrointestinal tract altered by infection with Clostridium difficile (C. difficile).
- Prolotherapy injections for chronic low‐back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2007
Prolotherapy involves repeated injections of irritant solutions to strengthen lumbosacral ligaments and reduce some types of chronic low-back pain; spinal manipulation and exercises are often used to enhance its effectiveness.
- Prompted voiding for the management of urinary incontinence in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Apr-2000
Prompted voiding is a behavioural therapy used mainly in North American nursing homes. It aims to improve bladder control for people with or without dementia using verbal prompts and positive reinforcement.
- Prophylactic barbiturate use for the prevention of morbidity and mortality following perinatal asphyxia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2016
Seizures are common following perinatal asphyxia and may exacerbate secondary neuronal injury. Barbiturate therapy has been used for infants with perinatal asphyxia in order to prevent seizures. However, barbiturate therapy may adversely affect neurodevel
- Prophylactic methylxanthine for prevention of apnoea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Dec-2010
Recurrent apnoea is common in preterm infants. These episodes can lead to hypoxaemia and bradycardia, which may be severe enough to require the use of positive pressure ventilation. In infants with apnoea, methylxanthine treatment has been used successful
- Propranolol for migraine prophylaxis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jun-2019
Propranolol is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for migraine prophylaxis.
- Proton pump inhibitor treatment for acute peptic ulcer bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Apr-2010
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the clinical effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in peptic ulcer (PU) bleeding yield conflicting results.
- Psychological and behavioural treatments for adults with non-epileptic attack disorder
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2014
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, also known as non-epileptic attack disorder (NEAD), have the outward appearance of epilepsy in the absence of physiological or electroencephalographic correlates. Non-epileptic seizures can occur in isolation or in comb
- Psychological interventions for symptomatic management of non‐specific chest pain in patients with normal coronary anatomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jun-2015
Recurrent chest pain in the absence of coronary artery disease is a common problem which sometimes leads to excess use of medical care. Although many studies have examined the causes of pain in these patients, few clinical trials have evaluated treatment.
- Psychological therapies for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Oct-2018
This is an update of the original Cochrane review first published in Issue 1, 2003, and previously updated in 2009, 2012 and 2014. Chronic pain, defined as pain that recurs or persists for more than three months, is common in childhood. Chronic pain can a
- Psychological treatments for epilepsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Feb-2016
Psychological interventions such as relaxation therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, bio-feedback and educational interventions have been used alone or in combination in the treatment of epilepsy, to reduce the seizure frequency and improve the quality of
- Psychosocial interventions for recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in childhood
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2014
Between 4% and 25% of school-age children complain of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) of sufficient severity to interfere with daily activities. For the majority of such children, no organic cause for their pain can be found on physical examination or inve
- Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Apr-2015
Widespread application of pulmonary rehabilitation (also known as respiratory rehabilitation) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should be preceded by demonstrable improvements in function (health-related quality of life, functional and maxim
- Radiant warmers versus incubators for regulating body temperature in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2003
The provision of a thermoneutral environment is an essential component of the immediate and longer term care of newborn infants. A variety of methods are currently employed including incubators and open-care systems, with or without modifications such as
- Radical radiotherapy for stage I/II non-small cell lung cancer in patients not sufficiently fit for or declining surgery (medically inoperable)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Mar-2015
In general, surgery is believed to offer the best prospects for cure for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In spite of the intention to consider all patients with stage I-II disease for surgery, there are those who, although technically oper
