Showing 301-320 of 409 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Signs and symptoms 
- Pregabalin add-on for drug-resistant partial epilepsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Mar-2014
Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disease with an estimated prevalence of 1% in the UK. Approximately one third of these people continue to have seizures despite drug treatment. In order to try to improve outcomes a number of new antiepileptic dru
- Preoperative education for hip or knee replacement
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Sep-2015
Hip or knee replacement is a major surgical procedure that can be physically and psychologically stressful for patients. It is hypothesised that education before surgery reduces anxiety and enhances clinically important postoperative outcomes.
- Pre-operative traction for hip fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Oct-2011
Following a hip fracture, traction may be applied to the injured limb before surgery. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 1997, and previously updated in 2006.
- Preoxygenation for tracheal suctioning in intubated, ventilated newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2009
Endotracheal suctioning for mechanically ventilated infants is routine practice in neonatal intensive care. However, this practice is associated with serious complications including lobar collapse, pneumothorax, bradycardia and hypoxaemia. Increasing the
- Prescription of prosthetic ankle-foot mechanisms after lower limb amputation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
A prosthesis can be divided into several components: the prosthetic socket; the prosthetic ankle-foot mechanism; and for higher levels of amputation, the prosthetic knee. This review focuses on the prosthetic ankle-foot mechanism, which forms an important
- Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Dec-2015
Antibiotics are frequently prescribed in children. They alter the microbial balance within the gastrointestinal tract, commonly resulting in antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Probiotics may prevent AAD via restoration of the gut microflora.
- Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2010
Probiotics may offer a safe intervention in acute infectious diarrhoea to reduce the duration and severity of the illness.
- Probiotics for treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated colitis in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2008
Probiotics are live microorganisms consisting of non-pathogenic yeast and bacteria that are believed to restore the microbial balance of the gastrointestinal tract altered by infection with Clostridium difficile (C. difficile).
- Prolotherapy injections for chronic low-back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Nov-2009
Prolotherapy involves repeated injections of irritant solutions to strengthen lumbosacral ligaments and reduce some types of chronic low-back pain; spinal manipulation and exercises are often used to enhance its effectiveness.
- Prompted voiding for the management of urinary incontinence in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Nov-2008
Prompted voiding is a behavioural therapy used mainly in North American nursing homes. It aims to improve bladder control for people with or without dementia using verbal prompts and positive reinforcement.
- Prophylactic methylxanthine for prevention of apnoea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2013
Recurrent apnoea is common in preterm infants. These episodes can lead to hypoxaemia and bradycardia, which may be severe enough to require the use of positive pressure ventilation. In infants with apnoea, methylxanthine treatment has been used successful
- Propranolol for migraine prophylaxis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Apr-2015
Propranolol is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for migraine prophylaxis.
- Proton pump inhibitor treatment for acute peptic ulcer bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Apr-2010
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the clinical effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in peptic ulcer (PU) bleeding yield conflicting results.
- Psychological and behavioural treatments for adults with non-epileptic attack disorder
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2014
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, also known as non-epileptic attack disorder (NEAD), have the outward appearance of epilepsy in the absence of physiological or electroencephalographic correlates. Non-epileptic seizures can occur in isolation or in comb
- Psychological interventions for symptomatic management of non-specific chest pain in patients with normal coronary anatomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jun-2015
Recurrent chest pain in the absence of coronary artery disease is a common problem which sometimes leads to excess use of medical care. Although many studies have examined the causes of pain in these patients, few clinical trials have evaluated treatment.
- Psychological therapies for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Feb-2016
This is an update of the original Cochrane review first published in Issue 1, 2003, and previously updated in 2009 and 2012. Chronic pain affects many children, who report severe pain, disability, and distressed mood. Psychological therapies are emerging
- Psychological treatments for epilepsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Feb-2016
Psychological interventions such as relaxation therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, bio-feedback and educational interventions have been used alone or in combination in the treatment of epilepsy, to reduce the seizure frequency and improve the quality of
- Psychosocial interventions for recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in childhood
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2014
Between 4% and 25% of school-age children complain of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) of sufficient severity to interfere with daily activities. For the majority of such children, no organic cause for their pain can be found on physical examination or inve
- Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Apr-2015
Widespread application of pulmonary rehabilitation (also known as respiratory rehabilitation) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should be preceded by demonstrable improvements in function (health-related quality of life, functional and maxim
- Radiant warmers versus incubators for regulating body temperature in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Feb-2009
The provision of a thermoneutral environment is an essential component of the immediate and longer term care of newborn infants. A variety of methods are currently employed including incubators and open-care systems, with or without modifications such as
