Showing 321-340 of 1273 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Special categories 
- Educational outreach visits: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2007
Educational outreach visits (EOVs) have been identified as an intervention that may improve the practice of healthcare professionals. This type of face-to-face visit has been referred to as university-based educational detailing, academic detailing, and e
- Effect of cocoa on blood pressure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Apr-2017
High blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, contributing to about 50% of cardiovascular events worldwide and 37% of cardiovascular-related deaths in Western populations. Epidemiological studies suggest that cocoa-rich produ
- Effect of outpatient pharmacists' non‐dispensing roles on patient outcomes and prescribing patterns
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jul-2010
The roles of pharmacists in patient care have expanded from the traditional tasks of dispensing medications and providing basic medication counseling to working with other health professionals and the public. Multiple reviews have evaluated the impact of
- Effect of taurine supplementation on growth and development in preterm or low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2010
Taurine is the most abundant free amino acid in breast milk. Evidence exists that taurine has important roles in intestinal fat absorption, hepatic function, and auditory and visual development in preterm or low birth weight infants. Observational data su
- Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth on maternal and infant outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Sep-2019
Infants born preterm (before 37 weeks' gestation) have poorer outcomes than infants at term, particularly if born before 32 weeks. Early cord clamping has been standard practice over many years, and enables quick transfer of the infant to neonatal care. D
- Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Feb-2018
Excessive drinking is a significant cause of mortality, morbidity and social problems in many countries. Brief interventions aim to reduce alcohol consumption and related harm in hazardous and harmful drinkers who are not actively seeking help for alcohol
- Effectiveness of intermediate care in nursing‐led in‐patient units
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2007
The Nursing led inpatient Unit (NLU) is one of a range of services that have been considered in order to manage more successfully the transition between hospital and home for patients with extended recovery times. This is an update of an earlier review pu
- Effectiveness of organisational infrastructures to promote evidence‐based nursing practice
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
Nurses and midwives form the bulk of the clinical health workforce and play a central role in all health service delivery. There is potential to improve health care quality if nurses routinely use the best available evidence in their clinical practice. Si
- Effectiveness of staffing models in residential, subacute, extended aged care settings on patient and staff outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2011
A key concern for managers and nurse administrators of healthcare settings is staffing. Determining and maintaining an appropriate level and mix of staff is especially problematic for those working in the long-term aged-care sector, where resident needs a
- Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2020
Recent cohort studies show that salt intake below 6 g is associated with increased mortality. These findings have not changed public recommendations to lower salt intake below 6 g, which are based on assumed blood pressure (BP) effects and no side-effects
- Effects of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on postoperative renal function in adults with normal renal function
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2007
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can play a major role in the management of acute pain in the peri-operative period. However, there are conflicting views on whether NSAIDs are associated with adverse renal effects.
- Electric fans for reducing adverse health impacts in heatwaves
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jul-2012
Heatwaves are hot weather events, which breach regional or national thresholds, that last for several days. They are likely to occur with increasing frequency in some parts of the world. The potential consequences were illustrated in Europe in August 2003
- Electrical stimulation for preventing and treating post‐stroke shoulder pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2000
Shoulder pain after stroke is common and disabling. The optimal management is uncertain, but electrical stimulation (ES) is often used to treat and prevent pain.
- Electrical stimulation for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2002
Electrical stimulation is one of several rehabilitation interventions suggested for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to enhance muscle performance.
- Electroconvulsive therapy for the depressed elderly
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2003
Depressive disorders are common in old age, with serious health consequences such as increased morbidity, disability, and mortality. The frailty of elderly people may seriously hamper the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy. Therefore, electroconvulsiv
- Electromagnetic fields for treating osteoarthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Dec-2013
This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2002. Osteoarthritis is a disease that affects the synovial joints, causing degeneration and destruction of hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone. Electromagnetic field therapy is currently used b
- Electromagnetic therapy for treating pressure ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Sep-2015
Pressure ulcers are defined as areas "of localized damage to the skin and underlying tissue caused by pressure, shear, friction and/or the combination of these". Electromagnetic therapy (EMT), in which electrodes produce an electromagnetic field across th
- Electromagnetic therapy for treating venous leg ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Jul-2015
Leg ulceration is a common, chronic, recurring condition. The estimated prevalence of leg ulcers in the UK population is 1.5 to 3 per 1000. Venous ulcers (also called stasis or varicose ulcers) comprise 80% to 85% of all leg ulcers. Electromagnetic therap
- Electromechanical‐assisted training for walking after stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Oct-2020
Electromechanical- and robot-assisted gait-training devices are used in rehabilitation and might help to improve walking after stroke. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2007 and previously updated in 2017.
- Electronic mosquito repellents for preventing mosquito bites and malaria infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2007
Using a pilot system we have categorised this review as: “Current question – no update intended: further research unlikely to change conclusions" (see published notes).
