Showing 321-340 of 489 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Gastrointestinal 
- Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus nasogastric tube feeding for adults with swallowing disturbances
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-May-2015
A number of conditions compromise the passage of food along the digestive tract. Nasogastric tube (NGT) feeding is a classic, time-proven technique, although its prolonged use can lead to complications such as lesions to the nasal wing, chronic sinusitis,
- Percutaneous needle aspiration, injection, and re-aspiration with or without benzimidazole coverage for uncomplicated hepatic hydatid cysts
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Dec-2010
Hepatic hydatid cyst is an important public health problem in parts of the world where dogs are used for cattle breeding. Management of uncomplicated hepatic hydatid cysts is currently surgical. However, the puncture, aspiration, injection, and re-aspirat
- Perianal injectable bulking agents as treatment for faecal incontinence in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2013
Faecal incontinence is a complex and distressing condition with significant medical and social implications. Injection of perianal bulking agents has been used to treat the symptoms of passive faecal incontinence. However, various agents have been used wi
- Perioperative blood transfusions and recurrence of colorectal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2011
The improvement of renal allograft survival by pre-transplantation transfusions alerted to the potential detrimental effect of transfusions in cancer treatment.
- Peri-operative glycaemic control regimens for preventing surgical site infections in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2009
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization and are potentially preventable. Peri-operative hyperglycaemia has been associated with increased SSIs and previous recommendations have been to
- Perioperative transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks for analgesia after abdominal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2010
The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a peripheral nerve block which anaesthetises the abdominal wall. The increasing use of TAP block, as a form of pain relief after abdominal surgery warrants evaluation of its effectiveness as an adjunctive tec
- Pharmacological interventions for ischaemia reperfusion injury in liver resection surgery performed under vascular control
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2009
Vascular occlusion used during elective liver resection to reduce blood loss results in significant ischaemia reperfusion (IR) injury. This in turn leads to significant postoperative liver dysfunction and morbidity. Various pharmacological drugs have been
- Pharmacological interventions for recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in childhood
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2014
Between 4% and 25% of school-age children complain of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) of sufficient severity to interfere with daily activities. For the majority, no organic cause for their pain can be found on physical examination or investigation and alt
- Pharmacological interventions to decrease blood loss and blood transfusion requirements for liver resection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Aug-2009
Blood loss during liver resection is one of the most important factors affecting the peri-operative outcomes of patients undergoing liver resection.
- Pharmacological interventions versus no pharmacological intervention for ischaemia reperfusion injury in liver resection surgery performed under vascular control
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2009
Vascular occlusion to reduce blood loss is used during elective liver resection but results in significant ischaemia reperfusion injury. This, in turn, might lead to significant postoperative liver dysfunction and morbidity. Various pharmacological drugs
- Physostigmine for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Jun-2008
The main pharmacological approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been based on the use of agents potentiating cholinergic transmission, particularly by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme that destroys acetylcholine after
- Piggy-back graft for liver transplantation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Dec-2010
Piggy-back method of transplantation, which involves preservation of the recipient retrohepatic inferior vena cava, has been suggested as an alternative to the conventional method of liver transplantation, where the recipient retrohepatic inferior vena ca
- Pit and fissure sealants versus fluoride varnishes for preventing dental decay in the permanent teeth of children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2020
Most of the detected increment in dental caries among children above the age of six years and adolescents is confined to occlusal surfaces of posterior permanent molars. Dental sealants and fluoride varnishes are much used to prevent caries. As the effect
- Plugs for containing faecal incontinence
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Jul-2015
Faecal incontinence is a distressing disorder with high social stigma. Not all people with faecal incontinence can be cured with conservative or surgical treatment and they may need to rely on containment products, such as anal plugs.
- Polymer-based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2009
Acute diarrhoea is one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality among children in low-income countries. Glucose-based ORS helps replace fluid and prevent further dehydration from acute diarrhoea. Since 2004, the World Health Organization has rec
- Portosystemic shunts versus endoscopic therapy for variceal rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2008
Randomised clinical trials have compared portosystemic shunting procedures with endoscopic therapy for variceal haemorrhage, but there is no consensus as to which approach is preferable.
- Potassium containing toothpastes for dentine hypersensitivity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Mar-2012
Dentine hypersensitivity may be defined as the pain arising from exposed dentine, typically in response to external stimuli, and which cannot be explained by any other form of dental disease. Many treatment regimens have been recommended over the years, a
- Powered versus manual toothbrushing for oral health
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jun-2014
Removing dental plaque may play a key role maintaining oral health. There is conflicting evidence for the relative merits of manual and powered toothbrushing in achieving this. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003, and previously
- Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Feb-2013
Prebiotics (commonly oligosaccharides) added to infant feeds have the potential to prevent sensitisation of infants to dietary allergens.
- Preformed crowns for decayed primary molar teeth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Dec-2015
Crowns for primary molars are preformed and come in a variety of sizes and materials to be placed over decayed or developmentally defective teeth. They can be made completely of stainless steel (know as 'preformed metal crowns' or PMCs), or to give better
