Showing 321-340 of 387 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Gynecologic 
- Spermicide used alone for contraception
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Nov-2013
Spermicides have been used as contraceptives for thousands of years. Despite this long use, only recently have studies examined the comparative efficacy and acceptability of these vaginal medications. Spermicides contain an active ingredient (most commonl
- Spinal manipulation for dysmenorrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2006
Dysmenorrhoea (occurrence of painful menstrual cramps of uterine origin) is a common gynaecological condition. The character of pain from musculoskeletal dysfunction can be very similar to gynaecological pain by presenting cyclicly and being altered by ho
- Spironolactone versus placebo or in combination with steroids for hirsutism and/or acne
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2011
Hirsutism is the presence of excessive hair growth in women and is an important cosmetic condition often resulting in severe distress. The most common cause is by increased production of male sex hormones (androgens). It is also affected by increased sens
- Sponge versus diaphragm for contraception
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2002
The contraceptive vaginal sponge was developed as an alternative to the contraceptive diaphragm. The sponge, made of polyurethane impregnated with nonoxynol-9 (1g), releases 125 mg of the spermicide over 24 hours of use. Unlike the diaphragm, the sponge c
- Statins for women with polycystic ovary syndrome not actively trying to conceive
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2011
Statins, as lipid-lowering agents with pleiotropic actions, are likely not only to improve the dyslipidaemia associated with polycystic ovary syndrome but may also exert other beneficial metabolic and endocrine effects.
- Steroid hormones for contraception in men
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Mar-2012
Male hormonal contraception has been an elusive goal. Administration of sex steroids to men can shut off sperm production through effects on the pituitary and hypothalamus. However, this approach also decreases production of testosterone, so 'add-back' th
- Steroid hormones for contraception in women with sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Nov-2011
Whether steroid contraceptives are appropriate for women with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease remains unresolved. Historically, women with sickle cell disease have experienced difficult pregnancies, characterized by high rates of maternal mortality an
- Steroidal contraceptives: effect on bone fractures in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jun-2014
Steroidal contraceptive use has been associated with changes in bone mineral density in women. Whether such changes increase the risk of fractures later in life is not clear. Osteoporosis is a major public health concern. Age-related decline in bone mass
- Steroidal contraceptives: effect on carbohydrate metabolism in women without diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Apr-2014
Many hormonal contraceptives have been associated with changes in carbohydrate metabolism. Alterations may include decreased glucose tolerance and increased insulin resistance, which are risk factors for Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease
- Strategies for communicating contraceptive effectiveness
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Apr-2013
Knowledge of contraceptive effectiveness is crucial to making an informed choice. The consumer has to comprehend the pros and cons of the contraceptive methods being considered. Choice may be influenced by understanding the likelihood of pregnancy with ea
- Strategies for improving the acceptability and acceptance of the copper intrauterine device
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Feb-2012
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are highly effective and are the most widely used reversible contraceptive method in the world. However, in developed countries IUDs are among the least common methods of contraception used. We evaluated the effect of intervent
- Strategies for increasing the participation of women in community breast cancer screening
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2001
Strategies for reducing breast cancer mortality in western countries have focused on screening, at least for women aged 50 to 69 years. One of the requirements of any community screening program is to achieve a high participation rate, which is related to
- Strategies for partner notification for sexually transmitted infections, including HIV
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Oct-2013
Partner notification (PN) is the process whereby sexual partners of an index patient are informed of their exposure to a sexually transmitted infection (STI) and the need to obtain treatment. For the person (index patient) with a curable STI, PN aims to e
- Strategies to improve adherence and continuation of shorter‐term hormonal methods of contraception
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2019
Worldwide, hormonal contraceptives are among the most popular reversible contraceptives. Despite high perfect-use effectiveness rates, typical-use effectiveness rates for shorter-term methods such as oral and injectable contraceptives are much lower. In l
- Strontium ranelate for preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2006
Strontium ranelate is a new treatment for osteoporosis therefore, its benefits and harms need to be known.
- Subdermal implantable contraceptives versus other forms of reversible contraceptives or other implants as effective methods for preventing pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jul-2007
Implantable methods of contraception offer long-acting reversible contraception. Their uptake rate in comparison to other contraceptive methods, particularly in developed countries, has historically been low.
- Surgery for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Dec-2013
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is the most common pre-malignant lesion. Atypical squamous changes occur in the transformation zone of the cervix with mild, moderate or severe changes described by their depth (CIN 1, 2 or 3). Cervical intraepithe
- Surgery for the resolution of symptoms in malignant bowel obstruction in advanced gynaecological and gastrointestinal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jan-2016
This is an update of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 4, 2000. Intestinal obstruction commonly occurs in progressive advanced gynaecological and gastrointestinal cancers. Management of these patients is difficult due to the patients' deteri
- Surgery for women with anterior compartment prolapse
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Nov-2016
To minimise the rate of recurrent prolapse after traditional native tissue repair (anterior colporrhaphy), clinicians have utilised a variety of surgical techniques.
- Surgery versus medical therapy for heavy menstrual bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jan-2016
Heavy menstrual bleeding significantly impairs the quality of life of many otherwise healthy women. Perception of heavy menstrual bleeding is subjective and management usually depends upon what symptoms are acceptable to the individual. Surgical options i
