Showing 321-340 of 511 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Infectious disease 
- Micronutrient supplementation in children and adults with HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Nov-2011
Micronutrient deficiencies are widespread and compound the effects of HIV disease; micronutrient supplements may be effective and safe in reducing this burden.
- Micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women with HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
Micronutrient deficiencies are widespread and compound the effects of HIV disease; micronutrient supplements may be effective and safe in reducing this burden.
- Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver diseases
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
Alcohol and hepatotoxic viruses cause the majority of liver diseases. Randomised clinical trials have assessed whether extracts of milk thistle, Silybum marianum (L) Gaertneri, have any effect in patients with alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver
- Mobile phone text messaging for promoting adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Mar-2012
More than 34 million people are presently living with HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can help these people to live longer, healthier lives, but adherence to ART can be difficult. Mobile phone text-messaging has the potential to help promote a
- Modes of administration of antibiotics for symptomatic severe urinary tract infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2014
Urinary tract infection (UTI), worldwide, is a major source of disease in children and adults. As it may have long-term consequences such as kidney failure and hypertension, it is important to treat patients with UTI adequately. Although standard manageme
- Muscle relaxants for non-specific low-back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
The use of muscle relaxants in the management of non-specific low back pain is controversial. It is not clear if they are effective, and concerns have been raised about the potential adverse effects involved.
- Mycobacterium vaccae immunotherapy for treating tuberculosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2009
Some authorities have advocated Mycobacterium vaccae immunotherapy for treating tuberculosis and other infections caused by mycobacteria.
- N-acetylcysteine for sepsis and systemic inflammatory response in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Aug-2012
Death is common in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or sepsis-induced multisystem organ failure and it has been thought that antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine could be beneficial.
- Nasal decongestants for the common cold
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Feb-2009
The common cold is a major and recurrent cause of morbidity, on average affecting children and adults two or more times each year. Nasal congestion is its commonest symptom and many therapies are marketed for its relief. There is no meta-analysis of contr
- Nasal saline irrigations for the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Nov-2008
The use of nasal irrigation for the treatment of nose and sinus complaints has its foundations in yogic and homeopathic traditions. There has been increasing use of saline irrigation, douches, sprays and rinsing as an adjunct to the medical management of
- Nebulized epinephrine for croup in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Oct-2013
Croup is a common childhood illness characterized by barky cough, stridor, hoarseness and respiratory distress. Children with severe croup are at risk for intubation. Nebulized epinephrine may prevent intubation.
- Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in adults and children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Mar-2015
Neuraminidase inhibitors (NIs) are stockpiled and recommended by public health agencies for treating and preventing seasonal and pandemic influenza. They are used clinically worldwide.
- Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in children (published trials only)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Mar-2012
During epidemics, influenza attack rates in children may exceed 40%. Options for prevention and treatment currently include the neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir and oseltamivir. Laninamivir octanoate, the prodrug of laninamivir, is currently being devel
- Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2009
Does newborn screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) improve clinical outcomes, quality of life and survival?
- Nocturnal mechanical ventilation for chronic hypoventilation in patients with neuromuscular and chest wall disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Nov-2014
Chronic alveolar hypoventilation is a common complication of many neuromuscular and chest wall disorders. Long-term nocturnal mechanical ventilation is commonly used to treat it. This is a 2014 update of a review first published in 2000 and previously upd
- Nonoxynol-9 for preventing vaginal acquisition of HIV infection by women from men
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Dec-2011
There is a need for female-controlled methods of HIV prevention. Vaginal microbicides, substances inserted into the vagina to prevent women acquiring HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) from men, could be useful in this regard. One potential va
- Nonoxynol-9 for preventing vaginal acquisition of sexually transmitted infections by women from men
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Dec-2011
The incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and other reproductive tract infections (RTI) is high in much of the developing and parts of the developed worlds. STIs and RTIs are associated with the vaginal transmission of HIV. Add
- Nutritional interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality in people with HIV
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Feb-2013
Adequate nutrition is important for optimal immune and metabolic function. Dietary support may, therefore, improve clinical outcomes in HIV-infected individuals by reducing the incidence of HIV-associated complications and attenuating progression of HIV d
- Nystatin prophylaxis and treatment in severely immunodepressed patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Sep-2014
Nystatin is sometimes used prophylactically in patients with severe immunodeficiency or in the treatment of fungal infection in such patients, although its effect seems to be equivocal.
- Oestrogens for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in postmenopausal women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2008
Recurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI) is defined as three episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI) in the previous 12 months or two episodes in the last six months. The main factors associated with RUTI in postmenopausal women are vesical prolapse, cy
