Showing 321-340 of 419 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Perinatal and infant 
- Prophylactic phototherapy for preventing jaundice in preterm or low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Nov-2011
Low birth weight and premature infants are at major risk for exaggerated hyperbilirubinaemia and jaundice that can lead to bilirubin encephalopathy. Phototherapy is the most common treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia and could be most effective in
- Prophylactic postnatal thyroid hormones for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2008
Observational studies have shown an association between transiently low thyroid hormone levels in preterm infants in the first weeks of life (transient hypothyroxinaemia) and abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome. Thyroid hormone replacement might prevent t
- Prophylactic protein free synthetic surfactant for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jan-2010
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant. A variety of surfactant products including protein free synthetic surfactant have been developed and tested in the prevention and treatment of RDS.
- Prophylactic systemic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with central venous catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Apr-2010
The use of central venous catheters is recognised as a risk factor for nosocomial infection. Prophylactic antibiotics may be effective in preventing catheter-related blood stream infection in newborns but may also have the undesirable effect of promoting
- Prophylactic systemic antifungal agents to prevent mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Oct-2015
Invasive fungal infection is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in very preterm and very low birth weight infants. Early diagnosis is difficult and treatment is often delayed. Systemically absorbed antifungal agents (usually azoles) are increas
- Prophylactic versus selective antibiotics for term newborn infants of mothers with risk factors for neonatal infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Oct-2008
Early onset bacterial infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. Various factors that increase the risk of neonatal infection have been identified. It is unclear whether asymptomatic newborn infants born to mothers with
- Prophylactic versus selective use of surfactant in preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Aug-2012
Surfactant therapy is effective in improving the outcome of very preterm infants. Trials have studied a wide variety of surfactant preparations used either to prevent or treat respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). In animal models, prophylactic surfactant
- Prophylactic versus therapeutic amnioinfusion for oligohydramnios in labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Aug-2012
Amnioinfusion aims to relieve umbilical cord compression during labour by infusing a liquid into the uterine cavity.
- Prophylactic vitamin K for vitamin K deficiency bleeding in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Oct-2008
Vitamin K deficiency can cause bleeding in an infant in the first weeks of life. This is known as Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn (HDN). HDN is divided into three categories: early, classic and late HDN. Early HDN occurs within 24 hours post partum and
- Propofol for procedural sedation/anaesthesia in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Feb-2011
Elective medical or surgical procedures are commonplace for neonates admitted to NICU. Agents such as opioids are commonly used for achieving sedation/analgesia/anaesthesia for such procedures; however, these agents are associated with adverse effects. Pr
- Prostaglandins before caesarean section for preventing neonatal respiratory distress
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2013
Respiratory distress (RD) can occur in both preterm and term neonates born through normal vaginal delivery or caesarean section (CS). It accounts for about 30% of neonatal deaths and can occur at any time following birth. Respiratory distress syndrome (RD
- Protein containing synthetic surfactant versus animal derived surfactant extract for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2008
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. RDS is caused by a deficiency, dysfunction, or inactivation of pulmonary surfactant. Numerous surfactants of either animal extract or synthetic desig
- Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
For term infants, human milk provides adequate nutrition to facilitate growth, as well as potential beneficial effects on immunity and the maternal-infant emotional state. However, the role of human milk in preterm infants is less well defined as it conta
- Protein-containing synthetic surfactant versus protein-free synthetic surfactant for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2009
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. RDS is caused by a deficiency, dysfunction, or inactivation of pulmonary surfactant. Numerous surfactants of either animal extract or synthetic desig
- Psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Oct-2013
This review is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 4, 2006. Needle-related procedures are a common source of pain and distress for children. Our previous review on this topic indicated that a number of psychological inter
- Radiant warmers versus incubators for regulating body temperature in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Feb-2009
The provision of a thermoneutral environment is an essential component of the immediate and longer term care of newborn infants. A variety of methods are currently employed including incubators and open-care systems, with or without modifications such as
- Rapid correction of early metabolic acidaemia in comparison with placebo, no intervention or slow correction in LBW infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
Metabolic or mixed (metabolic and respiratory) acidosis are commonly encountered problems in the low birth weight (LBW) infant after delivery, and they may contribute to mortality and morbidity. Causes for the lactic acidosis are multiple and include mate
- Recombinant growth hormone for idiopathic short stature in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Nov-2008
Idiopathic short stature (ISS) refers to children who are very short compared with their peers for unknown or hereditary reasons. Recombinant human growth hormone (GH) has been used to increase growth and final height in children with ISS.
- Recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Mar-2012
Sepsis is a common problem in preterm and term infants. The incidence of neonatal sepsis has declined, but mortality remains high. Recombinant human activated protein C (rhAPC) possess a broad spectrum of activity modulating coagulation and inflammation.
- Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution for treating dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) has reduced childhood deaths from diarrhoea in many countries. Recent studies suggest that the currently recommended formulation of ORS recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) may not be optimal, and solutions th
