Showing 341-360 of 489 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Gastrointestinal 
- Preformed crowns for decayed primary molar teeth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Dec-2015
Crowns for primary molars are preformed and come in a variety of sizes and materials to be placed over decayed or developmentally defective teeth. They can be made completely of stainless steel (know as 'preformed metal crowns' or PMCs), or to give better
- Preoperative chemotherapy for resectable thoracic esophageal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-May-2015
Surgery has been the treatment of choice for patients with localized esophageal cancer. Several studies have investigated whether preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery leads to improvement in cure rates, but individual reports have provided confli
- Preoperative radiotherapy and curative surgery for the management of localised rectal carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Oct-2018
This is an update of the original review published in 2007.
- Preoperative radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2005
The existing randomized evidence has failed to conclusively demonstrate the benefit or otherwise of preoperative radiotherapy in treating patients with potentially resectable esophageal carcinoma.
- Prevention of NSAID‐induced gastroduodenal ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Oct-2002
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are important agents in the management of arthritic and inflammatory conditions, and are among the most frequently prescribed medications in North America and Europe. However, there is overwhelming evidence l
- Probiotics for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Mar-2020
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the colon, with an annual incidence of approximately 10 to 20 per 100,000 people. The majority of people with ulcerative colitis can be put into remission, leaving a group who do not respond to fir
- Probiotics for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jun-2008
Crohn's disease (CD) is characterised by episodes of disease activity and symptom-free remission. Probiotics are microorganisms that can potentially benefit health, and have been evaluated as an alternate means of preventing relapse in patients with CD.
- Probiotics for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Mar-2020
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the colon, with an annual incidence of approximately 10 to 20 per 100,000 people. The majority of people with ulcerative colitis can be put into remission, leaving a group who do not respond to fir
- Probiotics for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and/or steatohepatitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease comprises a spectrum of diseases ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Probiotics have been proposed as a treatment option because of their modulating effect on the gut f
- Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults and children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Dec-2017
Antibiotics can disturb gastrointestinal microbiota which may lead to reduced resistance to pathogens such as Clostridium difficile (C. difficile). Probiotics are live microbial preparations that, when administered in adequate amounts, may confer a health
- Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic‐associated diarrhea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Apr-2019
Antibiotics alter the microbial balance commonly resulting in antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Probiotics may prevent AAD via providing gut barrier, restoration of the gut microflora, and other potential mechanisms of action.
- Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Dec-2020
Probiotics may be effective in reducing the duration of acute infectious diarrhoea.
- Probiotics for treating persistent diarrhoea in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Aug-2013
Persistent diarrhoea (diarrhoea lasting more than 14 days) accounts for one third of all diarrhoea related deaths in developing countries in some studies. Probiotics may help treatment.
- Probiotics for treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated colitis in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2008
Probiotics are live microorganisms consisting of non-pathogenic yeast and bacteria that are believed to restore the microbial balance of the gastrointestinal tract altered by infection with Clostridium difficile (C. difficile).
- Probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2007
The composition of the intestinal microflora may be different in individuals with atopic eczema from those without this condition, and such differences may precede the development of eczema. Probiotics are live bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal
- Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2019
Penetrating abdominal trauma occurs when the peritoneal cavity is breached. Routine laparotomy for penetrating abdominal injuries began in the 1800s, with antibiotics first being used in World War II to combat septic complications associated with these in
- Prophylactic gastrojejunostomy for unresectable periampullary carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Feb-2013
The role of prophylactic gastrojejunostomy in patients with unresectable periampullary cancer is controversial.
- Prophylactic nasogastric decompression after abdominal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Feb-2010
Routine use of nasogastric tubes after abdominal operations is intended to hasten the return of bowel function, prevent pulmonary complications, diminish the risk of anastomotic leakage, increase patient comfort and shorten hospital stay.
- Propylthiouracil for alcoholic liver disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jun-2011
Randomised clinical trials have addressed the question whether propylthiouracil has any beneficial effects in patients with alcoholic liver disease.
- Prostaglandins for adult liver transplanted patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Sep-2011
Prostaglandins may reduce ischaemic injury after liver transplantation. Several small randomised trials have evaluated the effects of prostaglandins in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Results of these trials are inconsistent, and none has enoug
