- Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) versus general anaesthesia in preterm infants undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy in early infancy
- Repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for improving neonatal health outcomes
- Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures in newborns with intraventricular haemorrhage
- Replacement of estrogens and progestins to prevent morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
- Rescue high frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants
- Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for severe pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants
- Respiratory function monitoring to reduce mortality and morbidity in newborn infants receiving resuscitation
- Responsive versus scheduled feeding for preterm infants
- Restricted versus liberal oxygen exposure for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm or low birth weight infants
- Restricted versus liberal water intake for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
- Restriction of oral intake of water for aspiration lung disease in children
- Saline irrigation for the management of skin extravasation injury in neonates
- School feeding for improving the physical and psychosocial health of disadvantaged students
- Sedation of children undergoing dental treatment
- Selenium supplementation to prevent short‐term morbidity in preterm neonates
- Servo-control for maintaining abdominal skin temperature at 36C in low birth weight infants
- Sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension in neonates
- Single versus double volume exchange transfusion in jaundiced newborn infants
- Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants
- Sodium bicarbonate infusion during resuscitation of infants at birth
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