Showing 341-360 of 419 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Perinatal and infant 
- Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) versus general anaesthesia in preterm infants undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy in early infancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2015
With improvements in neonatal intensive care, more preterm infants are surviving the neonatal period and presenting for surgery in early infancy. Inguinal hernia is the most common condition requiring early surgery, appearing in 38% of infants whose birth
- Repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for improving neonatal health outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Apr-2022
Infants born preterm (before 37 weeks' gestation) are at risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and need for respiratory support due to lung immaturity. One course of prenatal corticosteroids, administered to women at risk of preterm birth, reduces t
- Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures in newborns with intraventricular hemorrhage
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Oct-2008
Although it has been possible to reduce the percentage of premature infants suffering intraventricular hemorrhage, posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus remains a serious problem without a good treatment. There is a high rate of cerebral palsy, and ventriculoperi
- Replacement of estrogens and progestins to prevent morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Oct-2008
A potential therapeutic effect of sex steroids on premature infants has been proposed from animal data and observational studies in humans. Purported benefits include reduction in chronic lung disease, improved bone density and improved neurodevelopmental
- Rescue high frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2008
Despite the increased use of antenatal steroids and surfactant replacement therapy, pulmonary disease, principally due to the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), continues to be a major cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates. In addition to immatur
- Rescue high-frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for severe pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Oct-2015
Chronic lung disease (CLD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight infants despite increased use of antenatal steroids and surfactant therapy. Ventilator injury and oxygen toxicity are thought to be important factors in the pa
- Respiratory function monitoring to reduce mortality and morbidity in newborn infants receiving resuscitation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Jul-2010
A respiratory function monitor is routinely used in neonatal intensive care units to continuously measure and display airway pressures, tidal volume and leak during ventilation. During positive pressure ventilation in the delivery room, clinical signs are
- Responsive versus scheduled feeding for preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Oct-2015
Feeding preterm infants in response to their hunger and satiation cues (responsive, cue-based, or infant-led feeding) rather than at scheduled intervals might enhance infants' and parents' experience and satisfaction, help in the establishment of independ
- Restricted versus liberal oxygen exposure for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm or low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2009
While the use of supplemental oxygen has a long history in neonatal care, resulting in both significant health care benefits and harms, uncertainty remains as to the most appropriate range to target blood oxygen levels in preterm and low birth weight infa
- Restricted versus liberal water intake for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Dec-2014
Most premature infants are physiologically not sufficiently mature to orally ingest all of their required water and nutrients. Therefore, premature infants rely on their caregivers to regulate their volume of water intake. Thus, the caregiver must determi
- Restriction of oral intake of water for aspiration lung disease in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jul-2012
Primary aspiration of food and fluid is commonly seen in children with feeding and swallowing difficulties associated with a range of diseases and complex medical conditions. Respiratory sequelae and pneumonia are known to be associated with primary aspir
- Saline irrigation for the management of skin extravasation injury in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jan-2012
Extravasation injury is a common complication of neonatal intensive care and can result in scarring with cosmetic and functional sequelae. A wide variety of treatments are used in practice including subcutaneous irrigation with saline (with or without hya
- School feeding for improving the physical and psychosocial health of disadvantaged students
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
Early malnutrition and/or micronutrient deficiencies can adversely affect physical, mental, and social aspects of child health. School feeding programs are designed to improve attendance, achievement, growth, and other health outcomes.
- Sedation of children undergoing dental treatment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2012
Children's fear about dental treatment may lead to behaviour management problems for the dentist, which can be a barrier to the successful dental treatment of children. Sedation can be used to relieve anxiety and manage behaviour in children undergoing de
- Selenium supplementation to prevent short-term morbidity in preterm neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jan-2011
Selenium is an essential trace element and component of a number of selenoproteins including glutathione peroxidase, which has a role in protecting against oxidative damage. Selenium is also known to play a role in immunocompetence. Blood selenium concent
- Servo-control for maintaining abdominal skin temperature at 36C in low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Apr-2008
Randomized trials have shown that the neonatal mortality rate of low birth-weight babies can be reduced by keeping them warm. For low birth-weight babies nursed in incubators, warm conditions may be achieved either by heating the air to a desired temperat
- Sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jun-2011
Persistent pulmonary hypertension in neonates (PPHN) is associated with high mortality. Currently, the therapeutic mainstay for PPHN is assisted ventilation and administration of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). However, nitric oxide is costly and may not be a
- Single versus double volume exchange transfusion in jaundiced newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2008
Double volume exchange transfusion is commonly used in newborns with severe jaundice in order to prevent kernicterus and other toxicity related to hyperbilirubinemia. Most commonly, exchange transfusions are used in infants with rhesus hemolytic disease.
- Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Aug-2021
Early enteral feeding practices are potentially modifiable risk factors for necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in very preterm or very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Observational studies suggest that conservative feeding regimens, including slowly advanci
- Sodium bicarbonate infusion during resuscitation of infants at birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
For many years, intravenous sodium bicarbonate has been used to reverse acidosis during newborn resuscitation. However, controversy surrounds its use. Most of the evidence has been derived from studies in animals, adult humans, or in uncontrolled, descrip
