Showing 3701-3720 of 8875 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews Back
- Instruments for chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jan-2013
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is the method of choice for obtaining fetal tissue for prenatal diagnosis before 15 weeks of pregnancy. CVS can be performed using either a transabdominal or transcervical approach. The type of instrument and technique used
- Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Sep-2018
Diabetes is the commonest cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both conditions commonly co-exist. Glucometabolic changes and concurrent dialysis in diabetes and CKD make glucose-lowering challenging, increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia. Glucose-lowerin
- Insulin detemir versus insulin glargine for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jul-2011
Chronically elevated blood glucose levels are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Many diabetes patients will eventually require insulin treatment to maintain good glycaemic control. There are still uncertainties about the optimal insulin
- Insulin for glycaemic control in acute ischaemic stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2014
People with hyperglycaemia concomitant with an acute stroke have greater mortality, stroke severity, and functional impairment when compared with those with normoglycaemia at stroke presentation. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2
- Insulin for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Nov-2017
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with short- and long-term complications for the mother and her infant. Women who are unable to maintain their blood glucose concentration within pre-specified treatment targets with diet and lifestyle inte
- Insulin monotherapy compared with the addition of oral glucose‐lowering agents to insulin for people with type 2 diabetes already on insulin therapy and inadequate glycaemic control
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Sep-2016
It is unclear whether people with type 2 diabetes mellitus on insulin monotherapy who do not achieve adequate glycaemic control should continue insulin as monotherapy or can benefit from adding oral glucose-lowering agents to the insulin therapy.
- Insulin monotherapy versus combinations of insulin with oral hypoglycaemic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Oct-2008
It is unclear whether patients with type 2 diabetes who have poor glycaemic control despite maximal oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) should be commenced on insulin as monotherapy, or insulin combined with oral hypoglycaemic agents (insulin-OHA combination
- Insulin secretagogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2016
The projected rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) could develop into a substantial health problem worldwide. Whether insulin secretagogues (sulphonylureas and meglitinide analogues) are able to prevent or delay T2DM and its associated
- Insulin‐sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D‐chiro‐inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Nov-2017
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterised by infrequent or absent ovulation, and high levels of androgens and insulin (hyperinsulinaemia). Hyperinsulinaemia occurs secondary to insulin resistance and is associated with increased risk of cardiovasc
- Integrated community case management of childhood illness in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Feb-2021
The leading causes of mortality globally in children younger than five years of age (under-fives), and particularly in the regions of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Southern Asia, in 2018 were infectious diseases, including pneumonia (15%), diarrhoea (8%),
- Integrated disease management interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Sep-2021
People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) show considerable variation in symptoms, limitations, and well-being; this often complicates medical care. A multi-disciplinary and multi-component programme that addresses different elements of car
- Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children under five
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jun-2016
More than 7.5 million children younger than age five living in low- and middle-income countries die every year. The World Health Organization (WHO) developed the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy to reduce mortality and morbidity
- Integrated versus non‐integrated orbital implants for treating anophthalmic sockets
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Nov-2016
Anophthalmia is the absence of one or both eyes, and it can be congenital (i.e. a birth defect) or acquired later in life. There are two main types of orbital implant: integrated, whereby the implant receives a blood supply from the body that allows for t
- Integrating prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programmes with other health services for preventing HIV infection and improving HIV outcomes in developing countries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-May-2011
Every year nearly 400,000 children are infected with HIV through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), which is responsible for more than 90% of HIV infections in children. In high-income countries, the MTCT rate is less than 1% through perinatal preventio
- Integration of HIV/AIDS services with maternal, neonatal and child health, nutrition, and family planning services
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
The integration of HIV/AIDS and maternal, neonatal, child health and nutrition services (MNCHN), including family planning (FP) is recognized as a key strategy to reduce maternal and child mortality and control the HIV/AIDS epidemic. However, limited evid
- Intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Mar-2020
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is the major cause of evaporative dry eye disease, which is the more prevalent form of dry eye disease. Intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy, involving treatment of the skin near the eyelids, has emerged as a potential trea
- Intensity of continuous renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Sep-2016
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common condition among patients in intensive care units (ICU), and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a blood purification technique used to treat the most
- Intensity of exercise for the treatment of osteoarthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jan-2013
Therapeutic exercise is used as one modality to treat people with osteoarthritis (OA).
- Intensive case management for severe mental illness
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jan-2017
Intensive Case Management (ICM) is a community-based package of care aiming to provide long-term care for severely mentally ill people who do not require immediate admission. Intensive Case Management evolved from two original community models of care, As
- Intensive glucose control versus conventional glucose control for type 1 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Feb-2014
Clinical guidelines differ regarding their recommended blood glucose targets for patients with type 1 diabetes and recent studies on patients with type 2 diabetes suggest that aiming at very low targets can increase the risk of mortality.
