Showing 361-380 of 489 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Gastrointestinal 
- Proton pump inhibitor treatment for acute peptic ulcer bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Apr-2010
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the clinical effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in peptic ulcer (PU) bleeding yield conflicting results.
- Proton pump inhibitor treatment initiated prior to endoscopic diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jan-2022
Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common reason for emergency hospital admission. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce gastric acid production and are used to manage upper GI bleeding. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the clinical
- Psychological interventions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jun-2011
The effect of psychological interventions in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is controversial.
- Psychological interventions to improve adherence to oral hygiene instructions in adults with periodontal diseases
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Feb-2016
Adherence to oral hygiene is an important aspect of the treatment of periodontal disease. Traditional educational interventions have been shown to be of little value in achieving long term behaviour change.
- Psychological therapies for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Feb-2016
This is an update of the original Cochrane review first published in Issue 1, 2003, and previously updated in 2009 and 2012. Chronic pain affects many children, who report severe pain, disability, and distressed mood. Psychological therapies are emerging
- Psychosocial interventions for recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in childhood
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2014
Between 4% and 25% of school-age children complain of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) of sufficient severity to interfere with daily activities. For the majority of such children, no organic cause for their pain can be found on physical examination or inve
- Pulp management for caries in adults: maintaining pulp vitality
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Mar-2012
There is a range of treatment options for the management of the pulp in extensively decayed teeth. These include direct and indirect pulp capping, pulpotomy or pulpectomy. If the tooth is symptomatic or if there are periapical bone changes, then endodonti
- Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jul-2014
In children, dental caries is among the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide. Pulp interventions are indicated for extensive tooth decay. Depending on the severity of the disease, three pulp treatment techniques are available: direct pulp capping, pu
- Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of premature and low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Feb-2013
Many small, sick and premature infants are unable to coordinate sucking, swallowing and breathing, and therefore, require gavage feeding. In gavage feeding, milk feeds are delivered through a tube passed via the nose or mouth into the stomach. Intermitten
- Quality of life after rectal resection for cancer, with or without permanent colostomy.
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2012
For almost one hundred years abdominoperineal excision has been the standard treatment of choice for rectal cancer. With advances in the techniques for rectal resection and anastomosis, anterior resection with preservation of the sphincter function has be
- Radical radiotherapy for stage I/II non-small cell lung cancer in patients not sufficiently fit for or declining surgery (medically inoperable)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Mar-2015
In general, surgery is believed to offer the best prospects for cure for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In spite of the intention to consider all patients with stage I-II disease for surgery, there are those who, although technically oper
- Radiofrequency (thermal) ablation versus no intervention or other interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Dec-2013
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Percutaneous interventional therapies, such as radiofrequency (thermal) ablation (RFA), have been developed for early hepatocellular carcinoma. RFA competes with other interventional tech
- Radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-May-2012
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignant tumour and the third leading cause of cancer deaths in USA. For advanced CRC, the liver is the first site of metastatic disease; approximately 50 % of patients with CRC will develop liver metastases eit
- Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Dec-2013
The frequency with which patients should attend for a dental check-up and the potential effects on oral health of altering recall intervals between check-ups have been the subject of ongoing international debate in recent decades. Although recommendations
- Recombinant factor VIIa concentrate versus plasma-derived concentrates for treating acute bleeding episodes in people with haemophilia and inhibitors
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2015
In people with haemophilia, therapeutic clotting agents might be recognised as a foreign protein and induce anti-factor VIII antibodies, known as 'inhibitors'. Drugs insensitive to such antibodies, either recombinant or plasma-derived, are called factor V
- Recombinant human interleukin 10 for induction of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Nov-2011
The etiology of Crohn’s disease remains unknown, nevertheless, it is apparent that inflammation is associated with an imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines produced within the intestinal mucosa. Crohn’s disease represents a sta
- Reconstructive Techniques After Rectal Resection for Rectal Cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2008
Total mesorectal resection (TME) has led to improved survival and reduced local recurrence in patients with rectal cancer. Straight coloanal anastomosis after TME can lead to problems with frequent bowel movements, fecal urgency and incontinence. The colo
- Rectal 5-aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2009
5-Aminosalicylates (5-ASA) are considered a first-line therapy for inducing and maintaining remission of mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis (UC). When inflammation in UC is limited to the distal colon, 5-ASA can also be administered rectally as
- Rectal 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Oct-2012
5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is a first-line therapy for inducing and maintaining remission of mild and moderately active ulcerative colitis (UC). When the proximal margin of inflammation is distal to the splenic flexure, 5-ASA therapy can be delivered a
- Red cell transfusion for the management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2010
Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage affects 50 to 150 per 100,000 adults per year, with a high mortality. Red blood cell transfusions are frequently given, but their impact on rebleeding rates and mortality is unknown.
