Showing 361-380 of 511 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Infectious disease 
- Penicillin for secondary prevention of rheumatic fever
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2002
People with a history of rheumatic fever are at high risk of recurrent attacks of rheumatic fever and developing rheumatic heart disease following a streptococcal throat infection. Giving penicillin to these people can prevent recurrent attacks of rheumat
- Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following tonsillectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Oct-1999
Pain relief after tonsillectomy is an important part of post-operative management. Sometimes local anaesthetics are administed to the tonsillar region, but their effectiveness in relieving pain has not been formally assessed.
- Pharmacological interventions for benzodiazepine mono-dependence management in outpatient settings
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jun-2013
The items with X are considered "more relevant", that is the review has to stick to them to allow publication. The others have to be considered as strong suggestions to improve the readability and clarity of the review, but the reviewers can consider if
- Pharmacotherapy augmentation strategies in treatment-resistant anxiety disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
A large proportion of patients with anxiety disorders fail to respond to first-line medication interventions, despite evidence of the effectiveness of these agents.
- Pharmacotherapy for Behcet's syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Apr-1998
Behcet's syndrome is a multisystemic disorder presenting with recurrent oral and genital ulcerations as well as ocular involvement. Treatment of Behcet's syndrome is symptomatic and empirical.
- Phytoestrogens for menopausal vasomotor symptoms
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Dec-2013
Vasomotor symptoms, such as hot flushes and night sweats, are very common during the menopausal transition. Hormone therapy has traditionally been used as a highly effective treatment, but concerns about increased risk of some chronic diseases have marked
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Nov-2020
Prior to introducing pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), Streptococcus pneumoniae was most commonly isolated from the middle ear fluid of children with acute otitis media (AOM). Reducing nasopharyngeal colonisation of this bacterium by PCVs may lead t
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing vaccine‐type invasive pneumococcal disease and X‐ray defined pneumonia in children less than two years of age
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Oct-2009
Pneumonia, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in low-income countries. The effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), pneumonia, and mort
- Pneumococcal vaccination during pregnancy for preventing infant infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2015
Approximately 450,000 children worldwide die of pneumococcal infections each year. The development of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials adds to the difficulty of treatment of diseases and emphasizes the need for a preventive approach. Newborn vaccina
- Pneumococcal vaccine for asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2002
Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of pneumonia and other serious illnesses, particularly amongst those with certain high-risk medical conditions such as asthma. Although pneumococcal vaccine is routinely advocated for people wi
- Pneumococcal vaccines for children and adults with bronchiectasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Apr-2009
Bronchiectasis is increasingly recognized as a major cause of respiratory morbidity especially in developing countries. Even in affluent countries, bronchiectasis is increasingly seen in some community subsections (e.g. Aboriginal communities) and occurs
- Pneumococcal vaccines for preventing pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2017
People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of pneumococcal disease, especially pneumonia, as well as acute exacerbations with associated morbidity and healthcare costs.
- Pneumococcal vaccines for sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jan-2004
People with sickle cell disease are particularly susceptible to pneumococcal infection, which may be fatal. Infants (children aged up to 23 months) are at particularly high risk, but conventional polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines may be ineffective in
- Polysaccharide vaccines for preventing serogroup A meningococcal meningitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-May-2012
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in the 1970s and early 1980s showed the polysaccharide serogroup A vaccine (SgAV) prevented serogroup A meningococcal meningitis (SGAMM). Subsequent non-RCTs suggested significant variations in the age-specific duration
- Population-based biomedical sexually transmitted infection control interventions for reducing HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2011
The transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is closely related to the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Similar risk behaviours, such as frequent unprotected intercourse with different partners, place people at high
- Powered versus manual toothbrushing for oral health
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jun-2014
Removing dental plaque may play a key role maintaining oral health. There is conflicting evidence for the relative merits of manual and powered toothbrushing in achieving this. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003, and previously
- Pre‐admission antibiotics for suspected cases of meningococcal disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jun-2017
Meningococcal disease can lead to death or disability within hours after onset. Pre-admission antibiotics aim to reduce the risk of serious disease and death by preventing delays in starting therapy before confirmation of the diagnosis.
- Pre-emptive treatment for cytomegalovirus viraemia to prevent cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jan-2013
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients. Pre-emptive treatment of patients with CMV viraemia using antiviral agents has been suggested as an alternative to routine prophylaxis to prevent
- Preoperative skin antiseptics for preventing surgical wound infections after clean surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Apr-2015
Surgical site infection rates in the month following clean surgery vary from 0.6% (knee prosthesis) to 5% (limb amputation). Due to the large number of clean surgical procedures conducted annually the costs of these surgical site infections (SSIs) can be
- Prevention and treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2007
Cryptosporidiosis is a disease that causes diarrhoea lasting about one to two weeks, sometimes extending up to 2.5 months among the immunocompentent and becoming a more severe life-threatening illness among immunocompromised individuals. Cryptosporidium i
