Showing 361-380 of 419 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Perinatal and infant 
- Soy formula for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2008
Allergies and food reactions in infants and children are common and may be associated with a variety of foods including adapted cow's milk formula. Soy based formulas have been used to treat infants with allergy or food intolerance. However, it is unclear
- Speech and language therapy interventions for children with primary speech and language delay or disorder
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jul-2003
It is thought that approximately 6% of children have speech and language difficulties of which the majority will not have any other significant developmental difficulties. Whilst most children's difficulties resolve, children whose difficulties persist in
- Speech and language therapy to improve the communication skills of children with cerebral palsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2004
The production of speech, language and gesture for communication is often affected by cerebral palsy. Communication difficulties associated with cerebral palsy can be multifactorial, arising from motor, intellectual and sensory impairments. Children with
- Steroid therapy for meconium aspiration syndrome in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2003
Meconium aspiration syndrome may cause severe respiratory distress in the newborn infant, with an associated high morbidity and mortality. A chemical pneumonitis is believed to occur secondary to bile, bile acids and pancreatic secretions contained in mec
- Strategies for the withdrawal of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jan-2011
While indications for the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and its associated risks and benefits are extensively investigated, the best strategy for the withdrawal of NCPAP remains unknown. In a survey of Australian and New Zealand
- Superoxide dismutase for preventing chronic lung disease in mechanically ventilated preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2001
Free oxygen radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lung disease in preterm infants. Superoxide dismutase is a naturally occurring enzyme which provides a defence against such oxidant injury. Exogenously administered superoxide dismut
- Supplemental oxygen for the treatment of prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2003
Oxygen has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and is rigorously monitored in today's neonatal intensive care units. Recent research using a feline model has shown an improvement in ROP outcome of kittens treated w
- Supplementation with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) to breastfeeding mothers for improving child growth and development
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jul-2015
Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are the most abundant fatty acids in the brain and are necessary for growth and maturation of an infant's brain and retina. LCPUFAs are named “essential” because they
- Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Feb-2017
There is extensive evidence of important health risks for infants and mothers related to not breastfeeding. In 2003, the World Health Organization recommended that infants be breastfed exclusively until six months of age, with breastfeeding continuing as
- Support for mothers, fathers and families after perinatal death
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jun-2013
Provision of an empathetic, sensitive, caring environment and strategies to support mothers, fathers and their families experiencing perinatal death are now an accepted part of maternity services in many countries. Interventions such as psychological supp
- Surfactant for meconium aspiration syndrome in term and late preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Dec-2014
Surfactant replacement therapy has been proven beneficial in the prevention and treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The deficiency of surfactant or surfactant dysfunction may contribute to respiratory failure in a broader group of d
- Surfactant for pulmonary haemorrhage in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Feb-2020
In the 1960s and 1970s, pulmonary haemorrhage (PH) occurred mainly in full-term infants with pre-existing illness with an incidence of 1.3 per 1000 live births. Risk factors for PH included severity of illness, intrauterine growth restriction, patent duct
- Surgical methods for first trimester termination of pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2001
Different surgical methods for termination of pregnancy have evolved over the years: Dilatation and curettage, power operated vacuum aspiration (VA), manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) or hysterotomy. Local or general anaesthesia is used for all methods. Prea
- Surgical procedures for evacuating incomplete miscarriage
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Sep-2010
Incomplete miscarriage is a major problem that should be effectively managed with safe and appropriate procedures. Surgical evacuation of the uterus for management of incomplete miscarriage usually involves vacuum aspiration or sharp curettage.
- Surgical versus medical treatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Mar-2013
A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with significant left to right shunt increases morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Early closure of the ductus arteriosus may be achieved pharmacologically or by surgery. The preferred initial treatment of a sympto
- Synchronized mechanical ventilation for respiratory support in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Sep-2016
During synchronised mechanical ventilation, positive airway pressure and spontaneous inspiration coincide. If synchronous ventilation is provoked, adequate gas exchange should be achieved at lower peak airway pressures, potentially reducing baro/volutraum
- Synthetic surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jul-1998
This section is under preparation and will be included in the next issue.
- Telemedicine for the support of parents of high‐risk newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2012
Telemedicine is the use of electronic communications technology to provide care for patients when distance separates the practitioner and the patient. As the parents and families of infants admitted to the NICU require major support from health profession
- The effect of inotropes on morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with low systemic or organ blood flow
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jun-2010
Low systemic blood flow (SBF) is common in extremely premature infants in the first day after birth and has been associated with peri / intraventricular haemorrhage (PIVH), necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), mortality and developmental impairment.
- Thyroid hormones for preventing neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2001
Observational studies have shown an association between transiently low thyroid hormone levels in preterm infants in the first weeks of life (transient hypothyroxinemia) and abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome. Thyroid hormone therapy might prevent this m
