Showing 361-380 of 498 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Neurologic 
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a major problem in children and adolescents, characterised by age-inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, and is associated with long-term social, academic and mental health pr
- Posture and fluids for preventing post-dural puncture headache
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2013
Potentially disabling postural headache occurs after dural puncture in 1-70% of patients. It has been suggested that such headaches may be less common if patients routinely have a period of bed rest or receive supplementary fluids after the procedure.
- Pramipexole for levodopa‐induced complications in Parkinson's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Apr-2000
The long-term use of levodopa in Parkinson's disease is associated with the development of motor complications including abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesia) and a shortening response to each dose (wearing off phenomenon). It is thought that dopami
- Pramipexole versus bromocriptine for levodopa‐induced complications in Parkinson's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Apr-2000
Long-term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease is associated with the development of motor complications including abnormal involuntary movements and a shortening response to each dose (wearing off phenomenon). It is thought that dopamine agonists can
- Pre‐admission antibiotics for suspected cases of meningococcal disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jun-2017
Meningococcal disease can lead to death or disability within hours after onset. Pre-admission antibiotics aim to reduce the risk of serious disease and death by preventing delays in starting therapy before confirmation of the diagnosis.
- Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jul-2019
Epilepsy is a common neurological disease that affects approximately 1% of the UK population. Approximately one-third of these people continue to have seizures despite drug treatment. Pregabalin is one of the newer antiepileptic drugs which have been deve
- Prescription of prosthetic ankle‐foot mechanisms after lower limb amputation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jan-2004
A prosthesis can be divided into several components: the prosthetic socket; the prosthetic ankle-foot mechanism; and for higher levels of amputation, the prosthetic knee. This review focuses on the prosthetic ankle-foot mechanism, which forms an important
- Pressure modification or humidification for improving usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines in adults with obstructive sleep apnoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Dec-2019
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is the repetitive closure of the upper airway during sleep. This results in disturbed sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness. It is a risk factor for long-term cardiovascular morbidity. Continuous positive airway pressure (C
- Primary antifungal prophylaxis for cryptococcal disease in HIV‐positive people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Aug-2018
Cryptococcal disease remains one of the main causes of death in HIV-positive people who have low cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cell counts. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening HIV-positive people with low CD4 counts fo
- Probiotics for people with hepatic encephalopathy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Feb-2017
Hepatic encephalopathy is a disorder of brain function as a result of liver failure or portosystemic shunt or both. Both hepatic encephalopathy (clinically overt) and minimal hepatic encephalopathy (not clinically overt) significantly impair patient’s qua
- Propentofylline for dementia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Apr-2008
Propentofylline is a novel therapeutic agent for dementia that readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and acts by blocking the uptake of adenosine and inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase. In vitro and in vivo its mechanism of action appears to be two
- Prophylactic barbiturate use for the prevention of morbidity and mortality following perinatal asphyxia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2016
Seizures are common following perinatal asphyxia and may exacerbate secondary neuronal injury. Barbiturate therapy has been used for infants with perinatal asphyxia in order to prevent seizures. However, barbiturate therapy may adversely affect neurodevel
- Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jun-2021
Febrile seizures occurring in a child older than one month during an episode of fever affect 2-4% of children in Great Britain and the United States and recur in 30%. Rapid-acting antiepileptics and antipyretics given during subsequent fever episodes have
- Prophylactic intravenous indomethacin for preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jul-2010
Persistent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors such as indomethacin promote PDA closure but also have potential side effects. The effect of the prophylactic use
- Prophylactic protein free synthetic surfactant for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant. A variety of surfactant products including protein free synthetic surfactant have been developed and tested in the prevention and treatment of RDS.
- Prophylactic steroids for pediatric open heart surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2017
The immune response to cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children can lead to a series of postoperative morbidities and mortality i.e. hemodynamic instability, increased infection and arrhythmias. The systemic Inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) tha
- Propofol versus thiopental sodium for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Feb-2017
This review is an update of a previously published review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Issue 6, 2015).
- Propranolol for migraine prophylaxis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jun-2019
Propranolol is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for migraine prophylaxis.
- Psychological and behavioural treatments for adults with non-epileptic attack disorder
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2014
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, also known as non-epileptic attack disorder (NEAD), have the outward appearance of epilepsy in the absence of physiological or electroencephalographic correlates. Non-epileptic seizures can occur in isolation or in comb
- Psychological interventions for multiple sclerosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jan-2006
The unpredictable, variable nature of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and the possibility of increasing disability, means that a diagnosis can have substantial psychological consequences.
