Showing 361-380 of 503 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Neurologic 
- Plasma exchange for generalised myasthenia gravis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2011
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease mediated by auto-antibodies most often directed against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Less than five per cent of patients have auto-antibodies to a muscle tyrosine kinase. Patients would be expected to be
- Plasma exchange for Guillain-Barré syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-May-2012
Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute paralysing disease caused by peripheral nerve inflammation. This is an update of a review first published in 2001 and last updated in 2008.
- Polysaccharide vaccines for preventing serogroup A meningococcal meningitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-May-2012
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in the 1970s and early 1980s showed the polysaccharide serogroup A vaccine (SgAV) prevented serogroup A meningococcal meningitis (SGAMM). Subsequent non-RCTs suggested significant variations in the age-specific duration
- Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2011
Limited evidence supports a hypothesis suggesting that the symptoms of schizophrenia may be the result of altered neuronal membrane structure and metabolism. The structure and metabolism is dependent on blood plasma levels of certain essential fatty acids
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a major problem in children and adolescents, characterised by age-inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, and is associated with long-term social, academic and mental health pr
- Posture and fluids for preventing post-dural puncture headache
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2013
Potentially disabling postural headache occurs after dural puncture in 1-70% of patients. It has been suggested that such headaches may be less common if patients routinely have a period of bed rest or receive supplementary fluids after the procedure.
- Pramipexole for levodopa-induced complications in Parkinson's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
The long-term use of levodopa in Parkinson's disease is associated with the development of motor complications including abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesia) and a shortening response to each dose (wearing off phenomenon). It is thought that dopami
- Pramipexole versus bromocriptine for levodopa-induced complications in Parkinson's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
Long-term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease is associated with the development of motor complications including abnormal involuntary movements and a shortening response to each dose (wearing off phenomenon). It is thought that dopamine agonists can
- Pre-admission antibiotics for suspected cases of meningococcal disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jul-2013
Meningococcal disease can lead to death or disability within hours after onset. Pre-admission antibiotics aim to reduce the risk of serious disease and death by preventing delays in starting therapy before confirmation of the diagnosis.
- Pregabalin add-on for drug-resistant partial epilepsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Mar-2014
Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disease with an estimated prevalence of 1% in the UK. Approximately one third of these people continue to have seizures despite drug treatment. In order to try to improve outcomes a number of new antiepileptic dru
- Prescription of prosthetic ankle-foot mechanisms after lower limb amputation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
A prosthesis can be divided into several components: the prosthetic socket; the prosthetic ankle-foot mechanism; and for higher levels of amputation, the prosthetic knee. This review focuses on the prosthetic ankle-foot mechanism, which forms an important
- Pressure modification for improving usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines in adults with obstructive sleep apnoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Aug-2009
Continuous Positive Airways Pressure (CPAP) is considered to be the cornerstone of therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, compliance with this treatment is frequently poor, which may lead to ongoing symptoms of sleep disruption, daytime slee
- Probiotics for patients with hepatic encephalopathy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Sep-2011
Hepatic encephalopathy is a disorder of brain function as a result of liver failure and/or portosystemic shunt. Both hepatic encephalopathy (clinically overt) and minimal hepatic encephalopathy (not clinically overt) significantly impair patient’s quality
- Propentofylline for dementia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Apr-2008
Propentofylline is a novel therapeutic agent for dementia that readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and acts by blocking the uptake of adenosine and inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase. In vitro and in vivo its mechanism of action appears to be two
- Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jun-2021
Febrile seizures occurring in a child older than one month during an episode of fever affect 2-4% of children in Great Britain and the United States and recur in 30%. Rapid-acting antiepileptics and antipyretics given during subsequent fever episodes have
- Prophylactic intravenous indomethacin for preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jun-2010
Persistent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors such as indomethacin promote PDA closure but also have potential side effects. The effect of the prophylactic use
- Prophylactic protein free synthetic surfactant for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jan-2010
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant. A variety of surfactant products including protein free synthetic surfactant have been developed and tested in the prevention and treatment of RDS.
- Prophylactic steroids for pediatric open heart surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Oct-2015
The immune response to cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children can lead to a series of postoperative morbidities and mortality i.e. hemodynamic instability, increased infection and arrhythmias. The systemic Inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) tha
- Propofol versus thiopental sodium for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jun-2015
This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 8, 2012.
- Propranolol for migraine prophylaxis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Apr-2015
Propranolol is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for migraine prophylaxis.
