Showing 21-40 of 305 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Endocrine and nutrition 
- Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2012
It has been proposed that antioxidants may prevent cellular damage in the retina by reacting with free radicals that are produced in the process of light absorption. Higher dietary levels of antioxidant vitamins and minerals may reduce the risk of progres
- Antithyroid drug regimen for treating Graves' hyperthyroidism
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2009
Antithyroid drugs are widely used in the therapy of hyperthyroidism. There are wide variations in the dose, regimen or duration of treatment used by health professionals.
- Aripiprazole for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Feb-2013
Treatment of people with schizophrenia using older typical antipsychotic drugs such as haloperidol can be problematic. Many fail to respond to these older antipsychotics and more people experience disabling adverse effects. Aripiprazole is said to be one
- Artichoke leaf extract for treating hypercholesterolaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Feb-2013
Hypercholesterolaemia is directly associated with an increased risk for coronary heart disease and other sequelae of atherosclerosis. Artichoke leaf extract (ALE) has been implicated in lowering cholesterol levels. Whether ALE is truly effective for this
- Base administration or fluid bolus for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with metabolic acidosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2010
Metabolic acidosis in the early newborn period is associated with adverse outcomes in preterm infants. The most commonly used strategies to correct metabolic acidosis are intravascular infusion of base, for example sodium bicarbonate, and intravascular in
- Beta-lactam versus beta-lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy in cancer patients with neutropenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2015
Continued controversy surrounds the optimal empirical treatment for febrile neutropenia. New broad-spectrum beta-lactams have been introduced as single treatment, and classically, a combination of a beta-lactam with an aminoglycoside has been used.
- Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Apr-2015
Osteoporosis is a bone mineralisation disorder occurring in about one third of adults with cystic fibrosis. Bisphosphonates can increase bone mineral density and decrease the risk of new fractures in post-menopausal women and people receiving long-term or
- Bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma: a network meta-analysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2012
Bisphosphonates are specific inhibitors of osteoclastic activity and used in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). While bisphosphonates are shown to be effective in reducing vertebral fractures and pain, their role in improving overall su
- Calcimimetics for secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Dec-2014
Calcimimetic agents lower abnormal serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in people who have chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the benefits and harms on patient-level outcomes are uncertain. Since this review was first published in 2006 showing that evide
- Calcitonin for metastatic bone pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2006
Pain is the most frequent symptom experienced by cancer patients, its intensity dependent on the site of the tumour. Tumours that compromise bone or nervous structures due to the bone destruction process are the most painful. There are several treatments
- Calcium and vitamin D for corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-May-2010
Osteoporosis and subsequent fracture are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is defined by low bone mass, and has many etiologies with different patterns of bone loss. Corticosteroid therapy is a contributor to the development of osteoporosis. St
- Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jun-2014
Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are common causes of serious morbidity and death. Calcium supplementation may reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia, and may help to prevent preterm birth.
- Calcium supplementation for improving bone mineral density in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2010
Clinical trials have shown that calcium supplementation in children can increase bone mineral density (BMD) although this effect may not be maintained. There has been no quantitative systematic review of this intervention.
- Calcium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
Metabolic studies suggest calcium may have a role in the regulation of blood pressure. Some epidemiological studies reported people with a higher intake of calcium tend to have lower blood pressure. Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses reached co
- Cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonists for smoking cessation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jun-2012
Selective type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor antagonists may assist with smoking cessation by restoring the balance of the endocannabinoid system, which can be disrupted by prolonged use of nicotine. They also seek to address many smokers' reluctance to pe
- Carbamazepine for chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Apr-2014
This is an update of a Cochrane review entitled 'Carbamazepine for acute and chronic pain in adults' published in Issue 1, 2011. Some antiepileptic medicines have a place in the treatment of neuropathic pain (pain due to nerve damage). This updated review
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for hypercapnic ventilatory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2010
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as acetazolamide cause a mild metabolic acidosis and may stimulate breathing. Some patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develop chronic hypercapnic ventilatory failure. In theory, they may be
- Carnitine supplementation for inborn errors of metabolism
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Apr-2015
Inborn errors of metabolism are genetic conditions which can lead to abnormalities in the synthesis and metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, or fats. It has been proposed that in some instances carnitine supplementation should be provided to infants wit
- Carnitine supplementation of parenterally fed neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Sep-2008
Carnitine, a quaternary amino acid, plays an important role in the oxidation of long chain fatty acids. Both breast milk and infant formulas contain carnitine. However, it is not routinely provided in parenteral nutrition solutions. Non supplemented paren
- Cellulose, modified cellulose and synthetic membranes in the haemodialysis of patients with end-stage renal disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2009
When the kidney fails the blood-borne metabolites of protein breakdown and water cannot be excreted. The principle of haemodialysis is that such substances can be removed when blood is passed over a semipermeable membrane. Natural membrane materials inclu
