Showing 21-40 of 489 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Gastrointestinal 
- Antibiotic regimens for secondary peritonitis of gastrointestinal origin in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Mar-2012
Secondary peritonitis is associated with a high mortality rate and if not treated successfully leads to development of abscesses, severe sepsis and multi-organ failure. Source control and adjunctive antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment. However, no c
- Antibiotic therapy for prophylaxis against infection of pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Mar-2010
Pancreatic necrosis may complicate severe acute pancreatitis, and is detectable by computed tomography (CT). If it becomes infected mortality increases, but the use of prophylactic antibiotics raises concerns about antibiotic resistance and fungal infecti
- Antibiotic therapy for Shigella dysentery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jul-2010
Shigella dysentery is a relatively common illness and occasionally causes death, worldwide. Mild symptoms are self-limiting but in more severe cases, antibiotics are recommended for cure and preventing relapse. The antibiotics recommended are diverse, hav
- Antibiotic treatment for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jul-2011
Clostridium difficile is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis.
- Antibiotic treatment for travellers' diarrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jan-2012
Using a pilot system we have categorised this review as: Current question - update pending (See "Published notes" section for an explanation).
- Antibiotic use for irreversible pulpitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2016
Irreversible pulpitis, which is characterised by acute and intense pain, is one of the most frequent reasons that patients attend for emergency dental care. Apart from removal of the tooth, the customary way of relieving the pain of irreversible pulpitis
- Antibiotics for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Nov-2008
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a complication of cirrhotic ascites that occurs in the absence of any intra-abdominal, surgically treatable source of infection. Antibiotic therapy is indicated and should be initiated as soon as possible to avoid seve
- Antibiotics versus placebo for prevention of postoperative infection after appendicectomy.
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Sep-2008
Appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdominal pain requiring surgical intervention. The cause of appendicitis is unclear and the mechanism of pathogenesis continues to be debated. Despite improved asepsis and surgical techniques, postoperative
- Antidepressants for the treatment of abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jun-2011
Abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are among the most common medical problems in paediatric medicine. Frequently, physicians prescribe antidepressants as a second-line treatment for children and adolescents with FGIDs. To
- Antiemetics for reducing vomiting related to acute gastroenteritis in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Aug-2011
Vomiting is a common manifestation of acute gastroenteritis in children and adolescents. When untreated it can be a hindrance to oral rehydration therapy, which is the cornerstone in the management of acute gastroenteritis. Evidence is needed concerning t
- Antifibrinolytic amino acids for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people with acute or chronic liver disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jun-2015
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in the course of liver cirrhosis. People with liver disease frequently have haemostatic abnormalities such as hyperfibrinolysis. Therefore, antifibrinolytic amin
- Antimicrobial agents for preventing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Mar-2010
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is used as substitutive treatment of renal function in a large proportion (15-50%) of the end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) population. The major limitation is peritonitis which leads to technique failure, hospitalisation and increa
- Antimicrobials for treating symptomatic non-typhoidal Salmonella infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Oct-2012
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) commonly causes diarrhoea, and is usually self-limiting, although sometimes people become ill with sepsis and dehydration. Routine antibiotic use for this infection could result in persistent colonization and the spread of r
- Antioxidant supplements for liver diseases
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2011
Several liver diseases have been associated with oxidative stress. Accordingly, antioxidants have been suggested as potential therapeutics for various liver diseases. The evidence supporting these suggestions is equivocal.
- Antioxidant supplements for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and/or steatohepatitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Sep-2008
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterised by fatty deposition in the hepatocytes of patients with minimal or no alcohol intake and without other known cause. NAFLD includes a wide spectrum of histologic abnormalities ranging from hepatic
- Antioxidant supplements for preventing gastrointestinal cancers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-May-2008
Oxidative stress may cause gastrointestinal cancers. The evidence on whether antioxidant supplements are effective in preventing gastrointestinal cancers is contradictory.
- Anti-tuberculous therapy for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2015
There have been a number of studies with conflicting results which have examined the effect of anti-tuberculous therapy in Crohn's disease. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the use of anti-tuberculous therapy for the maintenance of remission in C
- Antiviral prophylaxis for the prevention of chronic hepatitis C virus in patients undergoing liver transplantation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Nov-2013
It is not clear whether prophylactic antiviral therapy is indicated to improve patient and graft survival in patients undergoing liver transplantation for chronic decompensated hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
- Antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis C in patients with human immunodeficiency virus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Feb-2010
Antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis C may be less effective if patients are co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
- Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2011
Acute appendicitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain. Present day treatment of choice for acute appendicitis is appendectomy, however complications are inherent to operative treatment. Though surgical appendectomy remains the standa
