Showing 21-40 of 511 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Infectious disease 
- Antiamoebic drugs for treating amoebic colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Feb-2009
Entamoeba histolytica infection is common in developing countries, and up to 100,000 individuals with severe disease die every year. Adequate therapy for amoebic colitis is necessary to reduce the severity of illness, prevent development of complicated di
- Antibiotic duration for treating uncomplicated, symptomatic lower urinary tract infections in elderly women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-May-2008
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common in elderly patients. Authors of non systematic literature reviews often recommend longer treatment durations (7 to 14 days) for older women, but the evidence for such recommendations is unclear.
- Antibiotic prophylaxis during the second and third trimester to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes and morbidity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jun-2015
Several studies have suggested that prophylactic antibiotics given during pregnancy improved maternal and perinatal outcomes, while others have shown no benefit and some have reported adverse effects.
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial infections in afebrile neutropenic patients following chemotherapy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Feb-2015
Bacterial infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who are neutropenic following chemotherapy for malignancy. Trials have shown the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing the incidence of bacterial infections but not in
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2010
Bacterial infections are a frequent complication in patients with cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Antibiotic prophylaxis seems to decrease the incidence of bacterial infections. Oral antibiotics, active against enteric bacteria, have been c
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for intrauterine contraceptive device insertion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Apr-2012
Concern about the risk of upper genital tract infection (pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)) often limits use of the intrauterine device (IUD), a highly effective contraceptive. Prophylactic antibiotic administration around the time of induced abortion sig
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for leptospirosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2009
Leptospira infection is a global zoonosis with significant health impact for agricultural workers and those persons whose work or recreation takes them into endemic areas.
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for mammalian bites
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2008
Bites by mammals are a common problem and they account for up to 1% of all visits to hospital emergency rooms. Dog and cat bites are the most common and people are usually bitten by their own pets or by an animal known to them. School-age children make up
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Mar-2020
Vacuum and forceps assisted vaginal deliveries are reported to increase the incidence of postpartum infections and maternal readmission to hospital compared to spontaneous vaginal delivery. Prophylactic antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent these infec
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing bacterial endocarditis following dental procedures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-May-2022
Infective endocarditis is a severe infection arising in the lining of the chambers of the heart. It can be caused by fungi, but most often is caused by bacteria. Many dental procedures cause bacteraemia, which could lead to bacterial endocarditis in a sma
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing meningitis in patients with basilar skull fractures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Apr-2015
Basilar skull fractures predispose patients to meningitis because of the possible direct contact of bacteria in the paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx or middle ear with the central nervous system (CNS). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage has been associated w
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernia repair
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Apr-2020
Inguinal or femoral hernia is a tissue protrusion in the groin region and has a cumulative incidence of 27% in adult men and of 3% in adult women. As most hernias become symptomatic over time, groin hernia repair is one of the most frequently performed su
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for short-term catheter bladder drainage in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Jul-2013
Urinary tract infections account for about 40% of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections, and about 80% of urinary tract infections acquired in hospital are associated with urinary catheters.
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery for proximal femoral and other closed long bone fractures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Feb-2010
Surgical site infection and other hospital-acquired infections cause significant morbidity after internal fixation of fractures. The administration of antibiotics may reduce the frequency of infections.
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for third- and fourth-degree perineal tear during vaginal birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Oct-2014
One to eight per cent of women suffer third-degree perineal tear (anal sphincter injury) and fourth-degree perineal tear (rectal mucosa injury) during vaginal birth, and these tears are more common after forceps delivery (28%) and midline episiotomies. Th
- Antibiotic prophylaxis in clean and clean-contaminated ear surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2009
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in Issue 3, 2004 and previously updated in 2007.
- Antibiotic prophylaxis regimens and drugs for cesarean section
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Dec-2011
Prophylactic antibiotics for cesarean section have been shown to reduce the incidence of maternal postoperative infectious morbidity. Many different antibiotic regimens have been reported to be effective.
- Antibiotic regimens for management of intraamniotic infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Dec-2014
Intraamniotic infection is associated with maternal morbidity and neonatal sepsis, pneumonia and death. Although antibiotic treatment is accepted as the standard of care, few studies have been conducted to examine the effectiveness of different antibiotic
- Antibiotic regimens for postpartum endometritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Dec-2015
Postpartum endometritis occurs when vaginal organisms invade the endometrial cavity during the labor process and cause infection. This is more common following cesarean birth. The condition warrants antibiotic treatment.
- Antibiotic regimens for secondary peritonitis of gastrointestinal origin in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Mar-2012
Secondary peritonitis is associated with a high mortality rate and if not treated successfully leads to development of abscesses, severe sepsis and multi-organ failure. Source control and adjunctive antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment. However, no c
