Showing 21-40 of 419 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Perinatal and infant 
- Antibiotic regimens for the empirical treatment of newborn infants with necrotising enterocolitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jul-2012
Although the exact aetiology of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) remains unknown, research suggests that it is multifactorial; suspected pathophysiological mechanisms include immaturity, intestinal ischaemia, disruption of intestinal mucosal integrity, for
- Antibiotics for bronchiolitis in children under two years of age
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Oct-2014
Bronchiolitis is a serious, potentially life-threatening respiratory illness commonly affecting babies. It is often caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Antibiotics are not recommended for bronchiolitis unless there is concern about complications
- Antibiotics for meconium-stained amniotic fluid in labour for preventing maternal and neonatal infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Nov-2014
Chorioamnionitis is more likely to occur when meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is present. Meconium may enhance the growth of bacteria in amniotic fluid by serving as a growth factor, inhibiting bacteriostatic properties of amniotic fluid. Many adve
- Anticonvulsants for preventing mortality and morbidity in full term newborns with perinatal asphyxia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
Seizures are common following perinatal asphyxia and may exacerbate secondary neuronal injury by increasing cerebral metabolic demand, causing fluctuations in oxygenation and perfusion, and triggering the release of excitatory neurotransmitters. Anticonvu
- Antifungal therapy for newborn infants with invasive fungal infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-May-2012
A variety of antifungal drugs, drug preparations and drug combinations are available to treat newborn infants with suspected or confirmed invasive fungal infection. There is a need to assess their relative merits.
- Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART-eligible pregnant women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2010
This systematic review focuses on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in ART-eligible pregnant women. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the primary means by which children worldwide acquire HIV infec
- Antiretrovirals for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2011
Antiretroviral drugs reduce viral replication and can reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV either by lowering plasma viral load in pregnant women or through post-exposure prophylaxis in their newborns. In rich countries, highly active antiretroviral
- Antistaphylococcal immunoglobulins to prevent staphylococcal infection in very low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2009
Nosocomial infection is a major problem affecting the immediate health and long-term outcome of preterm and very low birth weight neonates. More than half of these infections are caused by staphylococci. Various type specific antibodies targeted at differ
- Antithrombin for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2010
Acquired Antithrombin (AT) deficiency is a common and prognostically important finding in sick preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). It has been hypothesised that AT concentrate may improve clinical outcomes in preterm infants with RDS
- Antiviral agents for treatment of herpes simplex virus infection in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2009
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a rare but serious neonatal pathogen. Prior to the availability of antiviral drugs the mortality associated with all but localised neonatal infection was high, with 85% of infants with disseminated HSV infection and 50% of in
- Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Dec-2010
Decreased concentration of nitric oxide is proposed as one of the possible cellular mechanisms for necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). Arginine can act as a substrate for the production of nitric oxide in the tissues and arginine supplementation may help in
- Aspirin and/or heparin for women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage with or without inherited thrombophilia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Jul-2014
Since hypercoagulability might result in recurrent miscarriage, anticoagulant agents could potentially increase the chance of live birth in subsequent pregnancies in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage, with or without inherited thrombophilia.
- Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Feb-2016
Intra-uterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are frequently used fertility treatments for couples with male subfertility. The use of these treatments has been subject of discussion. Knowledge o
- Audio recordings of consultations with doctors for parents of critically sick babies
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
Family centred care is an important part of neonatal intensive care. Ensuring effective communication in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a challenge but is crucial to the implementation of family centred care. Providing parents in NICU with aud
- Banked preterm versus banked term human milk to promote growth and development in very low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2010
Human milk banking has been available in many countries for the last three decades. The milk provided from milk banking is predominantly term breast milk, but some milk banks provide preterm breast milk. There are a number of differences between donor ter
- Base administration or fluid bolus for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with metabolic acidosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2010
Metabolic acidosis in the early newborn period is associated with adverse outcomes in preterm infants. The most commonly used strategies to correct metabolic acidosis are intravascular infusion of base, for example sodium bicarbonate, and intravascular in
- Behavioural and cognitive behavioural training interventions for assisting foster carers in the management of difficult behaviour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Nov-2008
The provision of training for foster carers is now seen as an important factor contributing to the successful outcome of foster care placements. Since the late 1960s, foster carer training programs have proliferated, and few of the many published and unpu
- Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-May-2012
It has been proposed that the use of body positioning may be a more effective way to reduce clinically significant apnoea than the use of more invasive measures.
- Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic cerebral palsy (UPDATE)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2009
Cerebral palsy (CP) is "a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture causing activity limitation(s) that are attributed to non-progressive disturbance that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain" (Rosenbaum 2007, p.9
- Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in cerebral palsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
Children with cerebral palsy often have spasticity of the legs, a condition in which the legs are stiff because of involuntary muscle overactivity caused by the brain or spinal cord disorder. Spasticity causes poor coordination, spasms, abnormal posture a
