Showing 21-40 of 97 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Diagnostic tests 
- D‐Penicillamine for preventing retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Sep-2013
The rate of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in moderately premature infants has decreased dramatically with improved care in the neonatal intensive care unit. A low rate of this disorder was unexpectedly observed among infants treated with intravenous D-
- Early versus deferred standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jun-2019
Standard androgen suppression therapy (AST) using surgical or medical castration is considered a mainstay of advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer treatment. AST can be initiated early when disease is asymptomatic or deferred when patients suffer sym
- Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2020
Recent cohort studies show that salt intake below 6 g is associated with increased mortality. These findings have not changed public recommendations to lower salt intake below 6 g, which are based on assumed blood pressure (BP) effects and no side-effects
- Effects of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on postoperative renal function in adults with normal renal function
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Apr-2007
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can play a major role in the management of acute pain in the peri-operative period. However, there are conflicting views on whether NSAIDs are associated with adverse renal effects.
- Endoscopic pneumatic dilation versus botulinum toxin injection in the management of primary achalasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Dec-2014
Achalasia is an oesophageal motility disorder, of unknown cause, which results in increased lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) tone and symptoms of difficulty swallowing. Treatments are aimed at reducing the LOS tone. Current endoscopic therapeutic options
- Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) for fetal monitoring during labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Dec-2015
Hypoxaemia during labour can alter the shape of the fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform, notably the relation of the PR to RR intervals, and elevation or depression of the ST segment. Technical systems have therefore been developed to monitor the fetal
- Fetal pulse oximetry for fetal assessment in labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2014
The use of conventional cardiotocographic (CTG) monitoring of fetal well-being during labour is associated with an increased caesarean section rate, compared with intermittent auscultation of the fetal heart rate, resulting in a reduction in neonatal seiz
- Fibreoptic phototherapy for neonatal jaundice
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2001
Phototherapy is used to treat newborn infants with hyperbilirubinaemia. Fibreoptic phototherapy is a new mode of phototherapy which is reported to lower serum bilirubin (SBR) while minimising disruption of normal infant care.
- Follow‐up strategies for women treated for early breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-May-2016
Follow-up examinations are commonly performed after primary treatment for women with breast cancer. They are used to detect recurrences at an early (asymptomatic) stage. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2000.
- Furosemide for prevention of morbidity in indomethacin‐treated infants with patent ductus arteriosus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jul-2001
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis mediates closure of the ductus arteriosus and renal side effects after indomethacin administration. Because furosemide increases prostaglandin production, it could potentially help prevent indomethacin-related toxicit
- Hand and ultrasonic instrumentation for orthograde root canal treatment of permanent teeth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Feb-2019
Endodontic treatment of root canals or root canal treatment is a frequently performed dental procedure and is carried out on teeth in which irreversible pulpitis has led to necrosis (death) of the dental pulp (nerve). Removal of the necrotic tissue remnan
- Heliox for non‐intubated acute asthma patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2006
Helium and oxygen mixtures (heliox), have been used sporadically in respiratory medicine for decades. Their use in acute respiratory emergencies such as asthma has been the subject of considerable debate. Despite the lapse of more than 60 years since it w
- High first dose quinine regimen for treating severe malaria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2004
Quinine is used for treating severe malaria. There are arguments for giving an initial high dose. We examined the evidence for and against this policy.
- Ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight (or both) infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2020
Indomethacin is used as standard therapy to close a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) but is associated with reduced blood flow to several organs. Ibuprofen, another cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, may be as effective as indomethacin with fewer adverse effects.
- Incentive spirometry for preventing pulmonary complications after coronary artery bypass graft
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
Incentive spirometry (IS) is a treatment technique that uses a mechanical device to reduce pulmonary complications during postoperative care. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2007.
- Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Nov-2016
In patients of various ages undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV), it has been observed that positions other than the standard supine position, such as the prone position, may improve respiratory parameters. The benefits of these positions have not been
- Inhaled corticosteroids compared to placebo for prevention of exercise induced bronchoconstriction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jul-2007
The pathogenesis of exercise induced bronchoconstriction is likely multifactorial and is not completely understood. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of exercise induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects but the evidence see
- Inhaled corticosteroids for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Aug-2016
The role of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been the subject of much controversy. Major international guidelines recommend selective use of ICS. Recently published meta-analyses have reported conflicting f
- In‐hospital care pathways for stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2004
Stroke care pathways have the potential to promote organised and efficient patient care that is based on best evidence and guidelines, but evidence to support their use is unclear.
- Instruments for chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jan-2013
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is the method of choice for obtaining fetal tissue for prenatal diagnosis before 15 weeks of pregnancy. CVS can be performed using either a transabdominal or transcervical approach. The type of instrument and technique used
