Showing 21-40 of 284 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Trauma and injuries 
- Anticoagulants (heparin, low molecular weight heparin and oral anticoagulants) for intermittent claudication
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-May-2014
Anticoagulant treatment for intermittent claudication might improve functional capacity and prevent acute cardiovascular complications caused by peripheral obstructive arterial disease. This is an update of the review first published in 2001.
- Antidotes for acute cardenolide (cardiac glycoside) poisoning
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Oct-2008
Cardenolides are naturally occurring plant toxins which act primarily on the heart. While poisoning with the digitalis cardenolides (digoxin and digitoxin) are reported worldwide, cardiotoxicity from other cardenolides such as the yellow oleander are also
- Antiepileptic drugs for preventing seizures following acute traumatic brain injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-May-2012
Seizure activity in the early post-traumatic period following head injury may cause secondary brain damage as a result of increased metabolic demands, raised intracranial pressure and excess neurotransmitter release.
- Antifibrinolytic drugs for acute traumatic injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-May-2015
Uncontrolled bleeding is an important cause of death in trauma victims. Antifibrinolytic treatment has been shown to reduce blood loss following surgery and may also be effective in reducing blood loss following trauma.
- Antiretroviral post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for occupational HIV exposure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Apr-2012
Populations such as healthcare workers (HCWs), injection drug users (IDUs), and people engaging in unprotected sex are all at risk of being infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Animal models show that after initial exposure, HIV replicate
- Area-wide traffic calming for preventing traffic related injuries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Aug-2009
It is estimated that by 2020 road traffic crashes will have moved from ninth to third in the world disease burden ranking, as measured in disability adjusted life years, and to second in developing countries. Area-wide traffic calming schemes that discour
- Arthroplasties (with and without bone cement) for proximal femoral fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2010
Numerous types of arthroplasties may be used in the surgical treatment of a hip fracture (proximal femoral fracture). The main differences between the implants are in the design of the stems, whether the stem is cemented or uncemented, whether a second ar
- Audit filters for improving processes of care and clinical outcomes in trauma systems
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Aug-2009
Traumatic injuries represent a considerable public health burden with significant personal and societal costs. The care of the severely injured patient in a trauma system progresses along a continuum that includes numerous interventions being provided by
- Autologous chondrocyte implantation for full thickness articular cartilage defects of the knee
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-May-2011
Treatments for managing articular cartilage defects of the knee, including drilling and abrasion arthroplasty, are not always effective. When they are, long-term benefits may not be maintained and osteoarthritis may develop. An alternative is autologous c
- Barbiturates for acute traumatic brain injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Nov-2012
Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) is an important complication of severe brain injury, and is associated with high mortality. Barbiturates are believed to reduce ICP by suppressing cerebral metabolism, thus reducing cerebral metabolic demands and cerebra
- Beclomethasone for asthma in children: effects on linear growth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jul-2011
Inhaled steroids play a central role in the management of childhood asthma. There is concern about their side effects, especially on growth. However asthma may also cause growth retardation. Growth rates are not stable, so randomised controlled parallel g
- Benzodiazepines for neuroleptic-induced acute akathisia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Oct-2008
Neuroleptic-induced akathisia is one of the most common and distressing early-onset adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs, being associated with poor compliance with treatment, and thus, ultimately, to an increase risk of relapse. This review assesses th
- Benzodiazepines for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2012
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a disfiguring movement disorder, often of the orofacial region, frequently caused by the use of neuroleptic drugs. A wide range of strategies have been used to help manage tardive dyskinesia, and for those who are unable to have
- Bicycle helmet legislation for the uptake of helmet use and prevention of head injuries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2010
Evidence exists to suggest that bicycle helmets may reduce the risk of head injuries to cyclists, however helmets are not uniformly worn by all bicycle users. Legislation has been enacted in some countries and jurisdictions to mandate helmet use by cyclis
- Bioresorbable fixation devices for musculoskeletal injuries in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2008
Bioresorbable implants for musculoskeletal injuries involving bone and ligaments in adults might have significant advantages compared to the conventionally used non-resorbable metal implants because they lead to a gradual transfer of the mechanical load f
- Bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma: a network meta-analysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2012
Bisphosphonates are specific inhibitors of osteoclastic activity and used in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). While bisphosphonates are shown to be effective in reducing vertebral fractures and pain, their role in improving overall su
- Blunt versus sharp suture needles for preventing percutaneous exposure incidents in surgical staff
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Mar-2016
Surgeons and their assistants are especially at risk of exposure to blood due to glove perforations and needle stick injuries during operations. The use of blunt needles can reduce this risk because they don't penetrate skin easily but still perform suffi
- Bone grafts and bone substitutes for treating distal radial fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Mar-2009
Surgical treatment of fractures of the distal radius can involve the implantation of bone scaffolding materials (bone grafts and substitutes) into bony defects that frequently arise after fracture reduction.
- Bradykinin beta-2 receptor antagonists for acute traumatic brain injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-May-2010
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Cerebral oedema, the accumulation of fluid within the brain, is believed to be an important contributor to the secondary brain damage that occurs following injury. The rele
- Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-May-2008
Surgical bypass of an occluded arterial segment is one of the mainstay treatments for patients with critical limb ischaemia (CLI). However, it was introduced without formal evaluation.
