Showing 381-400 of 511 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Infectious disease 
- Prevention of diarrhoea in children with HIV infection or exposure to maternal HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2010
Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and children worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a condition that similarly disproport
- Primaquine for preventing relapse in people with Plasmodium vivax malaria treated with chloroquine
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Oct-2013
Plasmodium vivax infections are an important contributor to the malaria burden worldwide. The World Health Organization recommends a 14-day course of primaquine (0.25 mg/kg/day, giving an adult dose of 15 mg/day) to eradicate the liver stage of the paras
- Primary antifungal prophylaxis for cryptococcal disease in HIV‐positive people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Aug-2018
Cryptococcal disease remains one of the main causes of death in HIV-positive people who have low cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cell counts. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening HIV-positive people with low CD4 counts fo
- Probiotics for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Mar-2020
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the colon, with an annual incidence of approximately 10 to 20 per 100,000 people. The majority of people with ulcerative colitis can be put into remission, leaving a group who do not respond to fir
- Probiotics for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jun-2008
Crohn's disease (CD) is characterised by episodes of disease activity and symptom-free remission. Probiotics are microorganisms that can potentially benefit health, and have been evaluated as an alternate means of preventing relapse in patients with CD.
- Probiotics for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and/or steatohepatitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2007
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease comprises a spectrum of diseases ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Probiotics have been proposed as a treatment option because of their modulating effect on the gut f
- Probiotics for preventing preterm labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Dec-2011
Preterm birth causes 60% to 80% of neonatal deaths. Survivors can experience life-long complications. Thirty to fifty per cent of preterm labours are associated with maternal infection. Probiotics are defined as live micro-organisms which, when administer
- Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic‐associated diarrhea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Apr-2019
Antibiotics alter the microbial balance commonly resulting in antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Probiotics may prevent AAD via providing gut barrier, restoration of the gut microflora, and other potential mechanisms of action.
- Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Dec-2020
Probiotics may be effective in reducing the duration of acute infectious diarrhoea.
- Probiotics for treating persistent diarrhoea in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Aug-2013
Persistent diarrhoea (diarrhoea lasting more than 14 days) accounts for one third of all diarrhoea related deaths in developing countries in some studies. Probiotics may help treatment.
- Probiotics for treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated colitis in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2008
Probiotics are live microorganisms consisting of non-pathogenic yeast and bacteria that are believed to restore the microbial balance of the gastrointestinal tract altered by infection with Clostridium difficile (C. difficile).
- Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Oct-2020
Intestinal dysbiosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in very preterm or very low birth weight infants. Dietary supplementation with probiotics to modulate the intestinal microbiome has been proposed as a strategy to r
- Progressive resistive exercise interventions for adults living with HIV/AIDS
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Due to medical advancements, many people living with HIV infection in developed countries are living longer (Palella 1998). HIV infection can now present as a chronic illness with an uncertain natural disease history. The changing course of HIV infection
- Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic bronchitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Nov-2013
The use of prophylactic antibiotics to reduce the frequency and severity of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis is controversial.
- Prophylactic antibiotics for inhibiting preterm labour with intact membranes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Nov-2013
The aetiology of preterm birth is complex and there is evidence that subclinical genital tract infection influences preterm labour in some women but the role of prophylactic antibiotic treatment in the management of preterm labour is controversial. Since
- Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing gram‐positive infections associated with long‐term central venous catheters in adults and children receiving treatment for cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2021
This is an updated version of a Cochrane Review last published in 2013. Long-term central venous catheters (CVCs), including tunnelled CVCs (TCVCs) and totally implanted devices or ports (TIDs), are increasingly used when treating people with cancer. Desp
- Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2021
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited disorders that result in haemoglobin abnormalities and other complications. Injury to the spleen, among other factors, contribute to persons with SCD being particularly susceptible to infection. Infants an
- Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with umbilical artery catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2007
Umbilical artery catheters are often used in unwell neonates. Infection related to the use of these catheters may cause significant morbidity and mortality. The use of prophylactic antibiotics has been advocated for all newborns with umbilical artery cath
- Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with umbilical venous catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2005
Umbilical venous catheters (UVCs) are often used in ill neonates. Infection related to the use of these catheters may cause significant morbidity and mortality. The use of prophylactic antibiotics has been advocated for newborns with umbilical venous cath
- Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in newborn infants with intercostal catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Mar-2012
Intercostal catheters are commonly used for the drainage of intrathoracic collections in newborn infants, including pneumothorax and pleural effusions. Placement of an intercostal drain is a potential risk factor for nosocomial infection due to breach of
