Showing 381-400 of 511 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Infectious disease 
- Preoperative skin antiseptics for preventing surgical wound infections after clean surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Apr-2015
Surgical site infection rates in the month following clean surgery vary from 0.6% (knee prosthesis) to 5% (limb amputation). Due to the large number of clean surgical procedures conducted annually the costs of these surgical site infections (SSIs) can be
- Prevention and treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Apr-2012
Cryptosporidiosis is a disease that causes diarrhoea lasting about one to two weeks, sometimes extending up to 2.5 months among the immunocompentent and becoming a more severe life-threatening illness among immunocompromised individuals. Cryptosporidium i
- Prevention of diarrhoea in children with HIV infection or exposure to maternal HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2010
Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and children worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a condition that similarly disproport
- Primaquine for preventing relapse in people with Plasmodium vivax malaria treated with chloroquine
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Oct-2013
Plasmodium vivax infections are an important contributor to the malaria burden worldwide. The World Health Organization recommends a 14-day course of primaquine (0.25 mg/kg/day, giving an adult dose of 15 mg/day) to eradicate the liver stage of the paras
- Probiotics for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-May-2008
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is an inflammatory condition affecting the colon with an incidence of approximately 10-20 per 100,000 per year. No existing intervention is effective in all patients with a proportion requiring colectomy. There are significant prop
- Probiotics for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jun-2008
Crohn's disease (CD) is characterised by episodes of disease activity and symptom-free remission. Probiotics are microorganisms that can potentially benefit health, and have been evaluated as an alternate means of preventing relapse in patients with CD.
- Probiotics for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and/or steatohepatitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease comprises a spectrum of diseases ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Probiotics have been proposed as a treatment option because of their modulating effect on the gut f
- Probiotics for preventing preterm labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Dec-2011
Preterm birth causes 60% to 80% of neonatal deaths. Survivors can experience life-long complications. Thirty to fifty per cent of preterm labours are associated with maternal infection. Probiotics are defined as live micro-organisms which, when administer
- Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Apr-2014
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and nosocomial sepsis are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Through prevention of bacterial migration across the mucosa, competitive exclusion of pathogenic bacteria, and enhancing the im
- Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Dec-2015
Antibiotics are frequently prescribed in children. They alter the microbial balance within the gastrointestinal tract, commonly resulting in antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Probiotics may prevent AAD via restoration of the gut microflora.
- Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2010
Probiotics may offer a safe intervention in acute infectious diarrhoea to reduce the duration and severity of the illness.
- Probiotics for treating persistent diarrhoea in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Aug-2013
Persistent diarrhoea (diarrhoea lasting more than 14 days) accounts for one third of all diarrhoea related deaths in developing countries in some studies. Probiotics may help treatment.
- Probiotics for treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated colitis in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2008
Probiotics are live microorganisms consisting of non-pathogenic yeast and bacteria that are believed to restore the microbial balance of the gastrointestinal tract altered by infection with Clostridium difficile (C. difficile).
- Progressive resistive exercise interventions for adults living with HIV/AIDS
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Due to medical advancements, many people living with HIV infection in developed countries are living longer (Palella 1998). HIV infection can now present as a chronic illness with an uncertain natural disease history. The changing course of HIV infection
- Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic bronchitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Nov-2013
The use of prophylactic antibiotics to reduce the frequency and severity of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis is controversial.
- Prophylactic antibiotics for inhibiting preterm labour with intact membranes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Nov-2013
The aetiology of preterm birth is complex and there is evidence that subclinical genital tract infection influences preterm labour in some women but the role of prophylactic antibiotic treatment in the management of preterm labour is controversial. Since
- Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing Gram positive infections associated with long-term central venous catheters in oncology patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Apr-2015
This is an updated version of the review which was first published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in 2006. Long-term central venous catheters (CVCs), including tunnelled CVCs (TCVCs) and totally implanted devices or ports (TIDs), are incre
- Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Sep-2014
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2002, and previously updated in 2012. People with sickle cell disease are particularly susceptible to infection. Infants and very young children are especially vulnerable, and the 'Co-operative Stu
- Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with umbilical artery catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jan-2011
Umbilical artery catheters are often used in unwell neonates. Infection related to the use of these catheters may cause significant morbidity and mortality. The use of prophylactic antibiotics has been advocated for all newborns with umbilical artery cath
- Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with umbilical venous catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jan-2011
Umbilical venous catheters (UVCs) are often used in ill neonates. Infection related to the use of these catheters may cause significant morbidity and mortality. The use of prophylactic antibiotics has been advocated for newborns with umbilical venous cath
