Showing 381-400 of 644 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Respiratory 
- Methotrexate as a steroid sparing agent for asthma in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jul-1998
Sustained oral corticosteroid use can lead to complications, so there is interest in identifying agents that can reduce oral steroid use in people with asthma. Methotrexate has attracted attention as a possible steroid sparing agent in patients with chron
- Methylxanthine treatment for apnoea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2013
Recurrent apnoea is common in preterm infants, particularly at very early gestational ages. These episodes of ineffective breathing can lead to hypoxaemia and bradycardia that may be severe enough to require the use of positive pressure ventilation. Methy
- Methylxanthines for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2003
Most international guidelines currently recommend methylxanthines (e.g., theophylline, aminophylline) for severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet clinical trials underlying this recommendation have been small and underpow
- Methylxanthines for prolonged non-specific cough in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2010
Non-specific cough is defined as non-productive cough in the absence of identifiable respiratory disease or known aetiology. It is commonly seen in paediatric practice. These children are treated with a variety of therapies including a variety of asthma m
- Milrinone for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2010
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a clinical syndrome characterized by suboptimal oxygenation as a result of sustained elevation in pulmonary vascular resistance after birth. Currently, the therapeutic mainstay for PPHN is optimal
- Mobile phone text messaging and app‐based interventions for smoking cessation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Oct-2019
Mobile phone-based smoking cessation support (mCessation) offers the opportunity to provide behavioural support to those who cannot or do not want face-to-face support. In addition, mCessation can be automated and therefore provided affordably even in res
- Moderately early (7-14 days) postnatal corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Aug-2011
Corticosteroids have been used late in the neonatal period to treat chronic lung disease (CLD) in preterm babies, and early to try to prevent it. CLD is likely to be the result of persisting inflammation in the lung and the use of powerful anti-inflammato
- Mono and multifaceted inhalant and/or food allergen reduction interventions for preventing asthma in children at high risk of developing asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jul-2009
Allergen exposure is one of the environmental factors seemingly associated with the development of asthma. If asthma is a multi-factorial disease, it is hypothesised that prevention might only prove effective if most or all relevant environmental factors
- Monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Mar-2013
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important viral pathogens causing acute respiratory infections, resulting in about 3.4 million hospitalisations annually in children under five. Palivizumab is the only product approved for prevention o
- Monosodium glutamate avoidance for chronic asthma in adults and children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2012
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the sodium salt of the non-essential amino acid, glutamic acid, and is used as a flavour enhancer. It has been implicated in causing adverse reactions, which have been referred to as "Chinese restaurant syndrome". Over the la
- Motivational interviewing for smoking cessation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jul-2019
Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a directive patient-centred style of counselling, designed to help people to explore and resolve ambivalence about behaviour change. It was developed as a treatment for alcohol abuse, but may help people to a make a succe
- Mucolytic agents versus placebo for chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-May-2019
Individuals with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may suffer recurrent exacerbations with an increase in volume or purulence of sputum, or both. Personal and healthcare costs associated with exacerbations indicate that th
- Mucolytics for bronchiectasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-May-2014
Bronchiectasis is predominantly an acquired disease process that represents the end stage of a variety of unrelated pulmonary insults. It is defined as persistent irreversible dilatation and distortion of medium-sized bronchi. It has been suggested that w
- Multiple versus single doses of exogenous surfactant for the prevention or treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of surfactant therapy in the treatment of infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Due to surfactant inactivation, multiple doses of surfactant may lead to improved outc
- Music interventions for mechanically ventilated patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Dec-2018
Mechanical ventilation often causes major distress and anxiety in patients. The sensation of breathlessness, frequent suctioning, inability to talk, uncertainty regarding surroundings or condition, discomfort, isolation from others, and fear contribute to
- Mycobacterium vaccae immunotherapy for treating tuberculosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2003
Some authorities have advocated Mycobacterium vaccae immunotherapy for treating tuberculosis and other infections caused by mycobacteria.
- Naloxone for preventing morbidity and mortality in newborn infants of greater than 34 weeks' gestation with suspected perinatal asphyxia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Studies in animal models have suggested that naloxone, a specific opiate antagonist, may improve outcomes for newborn infants with perinatal asphyxia.
- Nasal continuous positive airway pressure immediately after extubation for preventing morbidity in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Feb-2009
Preterm infants being extubated following a period of intermittent positive pressure ventilation via an endotracheal tube are at risk of developing respiratory failure as a result of apnea, respiratory acidosis and hypoxia. Nasal continuous positive airwa
- Nasal decongestants for the common cold
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Feb-2009
The common cold is a major and recurrent cause of morbidity, on average affecting children and adults two or more times each year. Nasal congestion is its commonest symptom and many therapies are marketed for its relief. There is no meta-analysis of contr
- Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for apnea of prematurity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2008
Apnea of prematurity is almost universal in infants who are born before 34 weeks gestation. Previous randomised trials and systematic reviews have found methylxanthines to be effective in preventing apnea of prematurity. However, recent concerns about pot
