Showing 401-420 of 511 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Infectious disease 
- Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in newborn infants with intercostal catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Mar-2012
Intercostal catheters are commonly used for the drainage of intrathoracic collections in newborn infants, including pneumothorax and pleural effusions. Placement of an intercostal drain is a potential risk factor for nosocomial infection due to breach of
- Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in ventilated newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jan-2011
Intubation is associated with bacterial colonisation of the respiratory tract and therefore may increase the risk of acquiring an infection. The infection may prolong the need for mechanical ventilation and increase the risk of chronic lung disease. The u
- Prophylactic anti-staphylococcal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Nov-2014
Staphylococcus aureus causes pulmonary infection in young children with cystic fibrosis. Prophylactic antibiotics are prescribed hoping to prevent such infection and lung damage. Antibiotics have adverse effects and long-term use might lead to infection
- Prophylactic oral/topical non-absorbed antifungal agents to prevent invasive fungal infection in very low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Oct-2015
Invasive fungal infection is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in very preterm or very low birth weight infants. Uncertainty exists about the effect of prophylactic oral/topical non-absorbed antifungals to reduce mucocutaneous colonisation and
- Prophylactic systemic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with central venous catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Apr-2010
The use of central venous catheters is recognised as a risk factor for nosocomial infection. Prophylactic antibiotics may be effective in preventing catheter-related blood stream infection in newborns but may also have the undesirable effect of promoting
- Prophylactic systemic antifungal agents to prevent mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Oct-2015
Invasive fungal infection is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in very preterm and very low birth weight infants. Early diagnosis is difficult and treatment is often delayed. Systemically absorbed antifungal agents (usually azoles) are increas
- Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV immunocompromised patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Sep-2014
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a disease affecting immunocompromised patients. PCP among these patients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
- Provider training and experience for people living with HIV/AIDS
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jun-2011
The complexity of HIV/AIDS raises challenges for the effective delivery of care. It is important to ensure that the expertise and experience of care providers is of high quality. Training and experience of HIV/AIDS providers may impact not only individual
- Quinolones for uncomplicated acute cystitis in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Mar-2010
Uncomplicated acute cystitis is one of the most common bacterial infections in adults. The percentage of women who have at least one episode of acute cystitis is estimated to be between 40% to 50%. Quinolones are recommended for acute cystitis in regions
- Rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosing uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in endemic countries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Dec-2011
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for Plasmodium falciparum malaria use antibodies to detect either HRP-2 antigen or pLDH antigen, and can improve access to diagnostics in developing countries.
- Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution for treating dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) has reduced childhood deaths from diarrhoea in many countries. Recent studies suggest that the currently recommended formulation of ORS recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) may not be optimal, and solutions th
- Regimens of less than six months for treating tuberculosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
WHO recommends 6 months of treatment in TB programmes.
- Ribavirin monotherapy for chronic hepatitis C
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2009
Hepatitis C is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. A high proportion of patients never experience symptoms. Peginterferon plus ribavirin is the recommended treatment for chronic hepatitis C. However, ribavirin monotherapy may be consid
- Ribavirin plus interferon versus interferon for chronic hepatitis C
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2009
Hepatitis C is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Standard therapy is ribavirin plus pegylated interferon to achieve undetectable level of virus in the blood, but the effect on clinical outcomes is controversial.
- Rifabutin for treating pulmonary tuberculosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2009
Rifamycins are an essential component of modern short-course regimens for treating tuberculosis. Rifabutin has favourable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and is less prone to drug-drug interactions than rifampicin. It could contribute to sh
- Rotavirus vaccine for preventing diarrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Aug-2010
Rotaviruses cause viral gastroenteritis and result in more deaths from diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age than any other single agent, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
- Routine anticonvulsants for treating cerebral malaria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
Cerebral malaria is a common complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection, and kills over a million people every year. People with cerebral malaria become unconscious, and often have protracted convulsions. It is unclear whether giving anticonvulsant d
- Routine surgery in addition to chemotherapy for treating spinal tuberculosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Apr-2013
Tuberculosis is generally curable with chemotherapy, but there is controversy in the literature about the need for surgical intervention in the one to two per cent of people with tuberculosis of the spine.
- Routine versus selective antifungal administration for control of fungal infections in patients with cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Sep-2014
Systemic fungal infection is considered to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients, particularly those with neutropenia. Antifungal drugs are often given prophylactically, or empirically to patients with persistent fever.
- Sequential combination of glucocorticosteroids and alfa interferon versus alfa interferon alone for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2008
Chronic hepatitis B has serious effects on morbidity and mortality. Alfa interferon has been shown to increase the rates of HBeAg-clearance as well as seroconversion to anti-HBe, but response rates are unsatisfactory. Glucocorticosteroid pretreatment may
